Application of Multivariate Analyses of Enzymic Data to Classification of Members of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella Group

Myhrvold, Veslemøy; Brondz, Ilia; Olsen, Ingar

doi:10.1099/00207713-42-1-12

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Taxonomic classification based biochemical characteristics include fermentation of different carbohydrates (88, 181,210), multivariate analysis of chemotaxonomic data (157), cellular fatty acid composition (14,23), composition of lipopolysaccharide (19,861, analysis of total proteins (231, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (27) and production of respiratory quinones (65). The ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to ferment different sugars has been used to group this species into 3 to 10 different biotypes (181,206).…”

Section: Taxonomy Of a Actinomycetemcomitansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Fives-Taylor

Meyer²,

Mintz³

et al. 1999

Periodontology 2000

287

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A. actinomycetemcomitans has clearly adapted well to its environs; its armamentarium of virulence factors (Table 2) ensures its survival in the oral cavity and enables it to promote disease. Factors that promote A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization and persistence in the oral cavity include adhesins, bacteriocins, invasins and antibiotic resistance. It can interact with and adhere to all components of the oral cavity (the tooth surface, other oral bacteria, epithelial cells or the extracellular matrix). The adherence is mediated by a number of distinct adhesins that are elements of the cell surface (outer membrane proteins, vesicles, fimbriae or amorphous material). A. actinomycetemcomitans enhances its chance of colonization by producing actinobacillin, an antibiotic that is active against both streptococci and Actinomyces, primary colonizers of the tooth surface. The fact that A. actinomycetemcomitans resistance to tetracyclines, a drug often used in the treatment of periodontal disease, is on the rise is an added weapon. Periodontal pathogens or their pathogenic products must be able to pass through the epithelial cell barrier in order to reach and cause destruction to underlying tissues (the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone). A. actinomycetemcomitans is able to elicit its own uptake into epithelial cells and its spread to adjacent cells by usurping normal epithelial cell function. A. actinomycetemcomitans may utilize these remarkable mechanisms for host cell infection and migration to deeper tissues. A. actinomycetemcomitans also orchestrates its own survival by elaborating factors that interfere with the host's defense system (such as factors that kill phagocytes and impair lymphocyte activity, inhibit phagocytosis and phagocyte chemotaxis or interfere with antibody production). Once the organisms are firmly established in the gingiva, the host responds to the bacterial onslaught, especially to the bacterial lipopolysaccharide, by a marked and continual inflammatory response, which results in the destruction of the periodontal tissues. A. actinomycetemcomitans has at least three individual factors that cause bone resorption (lipopolysaccharide, proteolysis-sensitive factor and GroEL), as well as a number of activities (collagenase, fibroblast cytotoxin, etc.) that elicit detrimental effects on connective tissue and the extracellular matrix. It is of considerable interest to know that A. actinomycetemcomitans possesses so many virulence factors but unfortunate that only a few have been extensively studied. If we hope to understand and eradicate this pathogen, it is critical that in-depth investigations into the biochemistry, genetic expression, regulation and mechanisms of action of these factors be initiated.

show abstract

Section: Taxonomy Of a Actinomycetemcomitansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Fives-Taylor

Meyer²,

Mintz³

et al. 1999

Periodontology 2000

287

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study is based oti 41 chctnical characters: cellular sugars (4 variables) and fatty acids (4 variables), lysis kinetics dttritig CDTA atid EDTA plus lyso/.ytnc ticattncnt (14 variables), tnctliylene blue t-cductioti (otic xatiablc) (8) and API ZYM asscsstnctit of whole cells atid outer tncmbratic vcsiclcs/fragtncnts (18 variables) (18). For qttatititativc infortnation oti each charactct.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H. aphrophilus and //. pciraphropliilus were cultured atiacrobically (m'A, NrlO% HrlO'^ CO.) for 3 days (18). The broth for //.…”

Section: Culture Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repoi'ts based on chcmotaxonomic data have suggested heterogeneity atnong Acliiiobdcillus (ictiiioiiiycclcmcoinilans strains (8,18). As a paiallcl to this, hcterogeticity has been deniotistrated in this species after DNA fitigcrprinting of total genomic DNA (30), restriction fragmetit Ictigth polytnorphism analysis (13) and mtiltilocus cn/yme cleclrophorcsis (II).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multivariate chemosystematics demonstrate two groups of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains

Brondz

Olsen

1993

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical analysis by us has indicated that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is not a homogeneous species. The present study used chemometric methods and a multitude of chemical characters to examine this further. Strains were characterized by cell sugar and fatty acid contents, lysis kinetics during EDTA and EDTA plus lysozyme exposure, methylene blue reduction, and API ZYM enzymatic assessment of whole cells and outer membrane vesicles/fragments. In total, 41 quantitative variables were analyzed from each of 9 strains and treated with principal component analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy. These methods divided A. actinomycetemcomitans into 2 strain groups. One group contained ATCC 33384, ATCC 29522, FDC 2112 and FDC 2043; the other comprised ATCC 29524, ATCC 29523, FDC 2097, FDC 511 and FDC Y4. With an F-test, the groups (classes) of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains could be distinguished at 95% confidence limits. Both groups were distinct from members of the genera Haemophilus and Pasteurella (Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica).

show abstract

“…A. succinogenes Bgal (AsBgal), A. minor Bgal (AmBgal), and A. pleuropneumoniae Bgal (ApBgal) have 61%, 62%, and 63% amino acid sequences identities with the amino acid sequence of MsBgaA, respectively. Interestingly, MsBgaA and MsBgaB paralogues are not separated on the phylogenetic tree; instead, they form one group with the ␤-galactosidases of capnophilic rumen bacteria, classified as members of Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella (28). Moreover, as shown in Table S3 in the supplemental material, these two proteins are not close to any of the well-known ␤-galactosidases from the proteobacteria family, including E. coli, Salmonella enterica, or Vibrio vulnificus, but they are clustered with the ␤-galactosidase homologues of the facultatively commensal bacteria Neisseria lactamica and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, which are capable of fermenting lactose (15,29).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Roles of β-Galactosidase Paralogues of the Rumen Bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens

Lee

Kim

et al. 2012

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mannheimia succiniciproducens, a rumen bacterium belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae, has two putative ␤-galactosidase genes, bgaA and bgaB, encoding polypeptides whose deduced amino acid sequences share 56% identity with each other and show approximately 30% identity to the Escherichia coli gene for LacZ. The M. succiniciproducens bgaA (MsbgaA) gene-deletion mutant was not able to grow on lactose as the sole carbon source, suggesting its essential role in lactose metabolism, whereas the MsbgaB gene-deletion mutant did not show any growth defect on a lactose medium. Furthermore, the expression of the MsbgaA gene was induced by the addition of lactose in the growth medium, whereas the MsbgaB gene was constitutively expressed independently of a carbon source. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant proteins revealed that MsBgaA is more efficient than MsBgaB in hydrolyzing o-nitrophenyl-␤-D-galactopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-␤-D-galactopyranoside. MsBgaA was highly specific for the hydrolysis of lactose, with a catalytic efficiency of 46.9 s ؊1 mM ؊1 . However, MsBgaB was more efficient for the hydrolysis of lactulose than lactose, and the catalytic efficiency was 10.0 s ؊1 mM ؊1 . Taken together, our results suggest that the ␤-galactosidase paralogues of M. succiniciproducens BgaA and BgaB play a critical role in lactose metabolism and in an unknown but likely specific function for rumen bacteria, respectively. R uminant animals digest cellulosic biomass through their digestive tract and metabolize this material to produce milk, meat, wool, and hides. The rumen is the first of four stomachs in ruminant animals (5). Plant biomass is fermented by ruminal bacteria in the rumen under a relatively stable environment, characterized by a stable temperature of 39°C, a near neutral pH, and a constant oxidation-reduction potential (35, 37). More than 200 species of microorganisms in the rumen, through symbiosis or commensalism, convert plant polysaccharides to monosaccharides or disaccharides (5, 16). The resulting carbohydrates are further metabolized during fermentation by rumen bacteria into organic acids, including acetic, lactic, propionic, butyric, and succinic acids, and into methane and CO 2 (37). Among these organic acids, succinic acid is an attractive chemical building block for the manufacture of various substances, such as biodegradable polymers, surfactants, synthetic resins, and additives in food and pharmaceuticals (36).Several microorganisms, including Actinobacillus succinogenes, which enable the biotechnological production of succinic acid have been isolated from the rumen and in other habitats (8). Recently, Mannheimia succiniciproducens, which produces a large amount of succinic acid with a 67.5% yield from glucose under an anaerobic condition, was isolated from a bovine rumen (23). The Gram-negative rod, nonmotile, mesophilic, and capnophilic bacterium M. succiniciproducens belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae (23). M. succiniciproducens is unable to degrade the complex polysaccharides as...

show abstract

Application of Multivariate Analyses of Enzymic Data to Classification of Members of the Actinobacillus-Haemophilus-Pasteurella Group

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Multivariate chemosystematics demonstrate two groups of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains

Distinct Roles of β-Galactosidase Paralogues of the Rumen Bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About