Application of multivariate linear regression models for selection of deep eutectic solvent for extraction of apigenin and luteolin from Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Abstract

Introduction Among a variety of compounds presented in chrysanthemum, apigenin and luteolin are the two main components that play a major role in numerous biological activities of this herb. Objectives We aimed to obtain linear models showing the dependence of the yield of extraction of apigenin and luteolin on the composition of deep eutectic solvent and investigate the extraction of these two ingredients from Chrysanthemum indicum L. Methods Two models showing the dependence of luteolin and apigenin concentrations on the composition of the solvent were established using a multilinear regression algorithm and were applied to screen 119 different solvents. After that, the extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology and an artificial neural network. Apigenin and luteolin were recovered from the extract by the combination of distillation and addition of water. Results The screening results on 119 solvents revealed that choline chloride–acetic acid (1:4) was the most suitable deep eutectic solvent. It was showed that both response surface methodology and the artificial neural network could accurately determine the optimal conditions of extraction of apigenin and luteolin from C. indicum L., including time of extraction (65 minutes), temperature of extraction (90°C) and water content (20%). By the combination of distillation and addition of water, apigenin and luteolin could be effectively recovered from the deep eutectic solvent extract with a recovery rate of over 80%. Conclusions Deep eutectic solvent could be used as an effective green alternative to the conventional solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.

Optimization of β‐Cyclodextrin‐Assisted Extraction of Apigenin and Luteolin from Chrysanthemum indicum L. Using Response Surface Methodology Combined with Different Optimization Algorithms and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Capacity

“…In this study, the optimal time of extraction was determined to be 60 min, which was considerably shorter compared to other studies on the extraction of flavonoid from C. indicum using ethanol or water as solvents [23–25] . On the other hand, compared with our previous study using deep eutectic solvent, although we only carried out at room temperature, the use of HP‐β‐CD still increased the amount of extracted apigenin and luteolin by 2.50 times and 1.93 times, respectively [26] . These results suggested that HP‐β‐CD might be an attractive choice in the extraction of active ingredients from medicinal herbs in general.…”

“…[23][24][25] On the other hand, compared with our previous study using deep eutectic solvent, although we only carried out at room temperature, the use of HP-β-CD still increased the amount of extracted apigenin and luteolin by 2.50 times and 1.93 times, respectively. [26] These results suggested that HP-β-CD might be an attractive choice in the extraction of active ingredients from medicinal herbs in general.…”

“…The apigenin and luteolin content of the extract obtained above was determined using HPLC with the following conditions: Shimpack GIS C18 (250 nm×4.6 mm; 5 μm) column, acetonitrile and 0.1 % H 3 PO 4 acid with the ratio of 40 : 60 as mobile phase, the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, the injection volume of 20 μl, the column temperature of 30 °C and the detection wavelength of 335 nm. [26] The apigenin and luteolin content was calculated according to the following formula:…”

Selective extraction of plant bioactive compounds with deep eutectic solvents: Iris sibirica L. as example

“…This is due to the fact that at present there are both a large number of eutectic solvents themselves and a huge number of bioactive components of plants. This has led researchers to often use either a limited number of eutectic solvents to extract the maximum number of bioactive compounds 51–54 or, vice versa, large amounts of eutectic solvents to extract one particular type of substance 55–58 . Moreover, there is lack of reports on the use of original DESs without dilution.…”

“…This has led researchers to often use either a limited number of eutectic solvents to extract the maximum number of bioactive compounds [51][52][53][54] or, vice versa, large amounts of eutectic solvents to extract one particular type of substance. [55][56][57][58] Moreover, there is lack of reports on the use of original DESs without dilution. Majority of DESs are diluted before the extraction [59][60][61][62] to decrease viscosity, but this distorts the properties of the original solvents.…”