Application of nanomedicine in emergency medicine; Point-of-care testing and drug delivery in twenty - first century

Pourmand, Ali; Pourmand, Mohammad Reza; Wang, Justin; Shesser, Robert

doi:10.1186/2008-2231-20-26

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The technology dealing with this module of dimensions, the socalled nanotechnology, has wonderfully made headway in different domains of science, from industrial instrument design to medical methods of diagnosis, drug delivery, and remedy during the past years [1]. Although changing the compound to nanoform is not always beneficial regarding toxicological issues, nanoforms are able to reach more to organelles within the body where their efficacy may be increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduce Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Values in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets

Shoae-Hagh

Rahimifard

Navaei-Nigjeh

et al. 2014

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Although toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been previously studied, there are still controversies in terms of dose, size, shape, and affecting cells. By such a perspective, in this study, small size of ZnO NPs with a diameter of 10 nm at low concentrations was studied for any effect on the viability and function of isolated rat pancreatic islets. Islets of Langerhans were isolated and assessed for viability, functionality (insulin secretion), cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis by flow cytometry. The LC50 of ZnO NPs was found at 1,400 ng/mL at the first phase of the study. A meaningful increase in viability of islets and insulin secretion in basal and even stimulated concentrations of glucose was found by ZnO NPs (70 ng/mL) with p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. Likewise, ZnO NPs in 70 ng/mL concentration decreased cytosolic ROS generation (p < 0.05). In the meantime, the percentage of early stage of apoptotic cells dropped down to 17 % (from 29 % of control). These results for the first time confirm that ZnO NPs are not only safe when used at dose of 70 ng/mL but also improve viability and function of pancreatic islets and meanwhile reduce oxidative stress and prevent cells from entering the apoptotic phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduce Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Values in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets

Shoae-Hagh

Rahimifard

Navaei-Nigjeh

et al. 2014

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for improved and tailored properties for applications in various fields due to their unique physicochemical characterization apparent at the nanoscale such as large surface area, surface reactivity, surface derivatization, and altered electronic properties. [ 6 7 ] Nanomaterials are of special interest not only for basic research but also for their interesting applications in various fields such as pharmaceutical cosmetics, drug delivery, additives to drugs, and food products. [ 8 ] In this respect, in the recent years, the efficacy of some antioxidant nanoparticles (NPs) such as nanomagnesium, nanocerium, nanoselenium, and nanoyttrium in disease models of colitis,[ 9 ] diabetes,[ 10 ] pancreatitis,[ 11 12 13 ] diabetic neuropathy,[ 14 ] cardiotoxicity,[ 15 16 ] and spermatotoxicity,[ 17 ] have been proven and it has been found that they are useful in reducing oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and molecular evidences on the protection by magnesium oxide nanoparticles of chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes

Heydary

Navaei-Nigjeh²,

Rahimifard

et al. 2015

J Res Med Sci

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Background:Chlorpyrifos (CP) is one of the most widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticides in agricultural and residential pest control with its attendant adverse health effect. In the present study, it is proposed to investigate the possible modulatory role of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) against CP-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes and determine the mechanisms lying behind this protection by viability and biochemical assays.Materials and Methods:Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to 12 μg/mL CP either alone or in combination with different concentrations of MgO NPs (0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL). After a 3-day incubation, the viability and oxidative stress markers including cellular mitochondrial activity, caspase-3 and -9 activities, total antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Also, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as inflammatory index, along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured. Statistical differences were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's multiple comparison tests.Results:It is indicated that CP-exposed lymphocytes treated with MgO NPs resulted in a substantial reduction in the pace of mortality as well as the stages of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Also, MgO NPs (100 μg/mL) meaningfully restored CP-induced increase of TNF-α (P < 0.001) and decrease of AChE activity (P < 0.001) and were capable of preventing CP-treated human lymphocytes from apoptosis (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that MgO NPs in approximate 100 nm diameter not only make cells resistant to the toxic properties of CP but also attenuate toxic effects of CP, which is demonstrating the potential of MgO NPs to be applied in future immune deficiency therapeutic strategies.

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“…With the advent of new technology from nanoparticles to microchips and from multimedia devices to computer assisted learning, a greater emphasis is being placed on using interactive online modules to promote distance learning in medical education. 8 – 10 This focus is built upon the studies of Michael Graham Moore, wherein he codified a framework for distance learning depending on paper, a physical medium. 11 With the telecommunication technology available today however, the educator can take Moore’s studies one step further as true asynchronous learning is now possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Technology Improves ECG Interpretation of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Medical Students and Emergency Medicine Residents

Pourmand¹,

Tanski²,

Davis³

et al. 2015

WestJEM

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IntroductionAsynchronous online training has become an increasingly popular educational format in the new era of technology-based professional development. We sought to evaluate the impact of an online asynchronous training module on the ability of medical students and emergency medicine (EM) residents to detect electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsWe developed an online ECG training and testing module on AMI, with emphasis on recognizing ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and early activation of cardiac catheterization resources. Study participants included senior medical students and EM residents at all post-graduate levels rotating in our emergency department (ED). Participants were given a baseline set of ECGs for interpretation. This was followed by a brief interactive online training module on normal ECGs as well as abnormal ECGs representing an acute MI. Participants then underwent a post-test with a set of ECGs in which they had to interpret and decide appropriate intervention including catheterization lab activation.Results148 students and 35 EM residents participated in this training in the 2012–2013 academic year. Students and EM residents showed significant improvements in recognizing ECG abnormalities after taking the asynchronous online training module. The mean score on the testing module for students improved from 5.9 (95% CI [5.7–6.1]) to 7.3 (95% CI [7.1–7.5]), with a mean difference of 1.4 (95% CI [1.12–1.68]) (p<0.0001). The mean score for residents improved significantly from 6.5 (95% CI [6.2–6.9]) to 7.8 (95% CI [7.4–8.2]) (p<0.0001).ConclusionAn online interactive module of training improved the ability of medical students and EM residents to correctly recognize the ECG evidence of an acute MI.

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Application of nanomedicine in emergency medicine; Point-of-care testing and drug delivery in twenty - first century

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduce Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Values in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduce Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Values in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets

Biochemical and molecular evidences on the protection by magnesium oxide nanoparticles of chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes

Educational Technology Improves ECG Interpretation of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Medical Students and Emergency Medicine Residents

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