“…17 Throughout the years, several techniques, such as adsorption, chemical deposition, ionic exchange, solid-liquid phase extraction, photocatalytic degradation, coagulation, membrane, and electrochemical systems have been used. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Adsorption is vastly avowed as the most auspicious and efficient technique because of its low cost/capital invested, insensitivity to toxic substances, simplicity of design, and prociency of the operation. In the latest years, nanotechnology has introduced a bountiful of novel nanomaterials that can exhibit promising effects on environmental treatment and clean-up.…”