4Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry (ISCh) RAS, 2 Adm. Makarova emb., St Petersburg 199155, Russia; anfimova-i@mail.ru (I.A.); antr2@yandex.ru (T.A.) Abstract: Nanocomposite membranes have been actively developed in the last decade. The involvement of nanostructures can improve the permeability, selectivity, and anti-fouling properties of a membrane for improved filtration processes. In this work, we propose a novel type of ion-selective Glass/Au composite membrane based on porous glass (PG), which combines the advantages of porous media and promising selective properties. The latter are achieved by depositing gold nanoparticles into the membrane pores by the laser-induced liquid phase chemical deposition technique. Inside the pores, gold nanoparticles with an average diameter 25 nm were formed, which was confirmed by optical and microscopic studies. To study the transport and selective properties of the PG/Au composite membrane, the potentiometric method was applied. The uniform potential model was used to determine the surface charge from the experimental data. It was found that the formation of gold nanoparticles inside membrane pores leads to an increase in the surface charge from −2.75 mC/m 2 to −5.42 mC/m 2 . The methods proposed in this work allow the creation of a whole family of composite materials based on porous glasses. In this case, conceptually, the synthesis of these materials will differ only in the selection of initial precursors.Nanocomposite membranes have been actively developed in the last decade [17]. The involvement of nanostructures can improve the permeability, selectivity, and anti-fouling properties of a membrane for improved filtration processes. One of the most promising approaches to producing such composite materials is the formation of nanoparticles inside the porous structure of a membrane. As with nanotechnology in general [18], there are two main methods [17] for the formation of nanoparticles inside the membranous pores: "top down"-bulk modification through blending (called mixed-matrix membranes) and "bottom up"-surface modification. In the fabrication of bulk-modified nanocomposite membranes, the nanoparticles are dispersed in a homogeneous polymeric precursor solution before the final formation process [19]. However, this method is difficult to use, for example, in the synthesis of inorganic solid membranes. The surface modification technique is the most convenient method in this case [11]. The surface modification technique deals with deposition of nanoparticles onto a membrane.Silicate (high silica) porous glasses (PGs) are channel-type nanostructures [20] with thermal, chemical and microbiological stability, in combination with controlled surface structural characteristics [21][22][23]. Special attention is worth paying to the PG application for the separation of liquid mixtures by reverse osmosis. This method has found application in water desalination, sanitary household water cleaning, water regeneration from vital function products in space, radioactive ...