Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents

Rabajczyk, Anna; Zielecka, Maria; Gniazdowska, Justyna

doi:10.3390/ma15248876

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In works [21,22], the authors also associate the elimination of fire with the neutralization of the oxidizer in the system "combustible oxidizing substance", or neutralization of high temperature [23,24]. But, unlike the results of studies published in [3,7], the obtained data on the influence of the foaming agent on the process of inhibition of temperature transfer, allow us to assert the following:…”

Section: Discussion Of Results Of Studying the Process Of Mass Transf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work [7] says that depending on the type of burning substance and the place of fire, appropriately prepared and developed solutions should be used. For this we can highlight, among others, materials, powders, or foaming agents.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From ( 6) and (7), by excluding q and using the fractional differentiation operation, we derive the expression:…”

Section: Modeling Of Mass Transfer Characteristics For a Foaming Agen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Tsapko,

Likhnyovskyi,

Tsapko

et al. 2023

EEJET

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An issue related to the use of foaming agents to extinguish fires involving flammable liquids is to ensure the efficiency of vapor insulation of flammable liquid and the foam stability during operation. Therefore, the object of research was a change in the insulating properties of the foaming agent film when interacting with a polar combustible substance. It has been proven that the presence of foaming agent on a flammable liquid leads to the formation of an insulating film on the surface resistant to the combustion temperature of the liquid, due to which re-ignition shifts towards longer time. A film of foaming agent was formed on the surface of the flammable liquid by leaking from the screen, which led to the insulation of the surface. The measured contact area of the foaming film with the electrode was more than 6.2·10-3 m2, which indicates the formation of a barrier for temperature, which collapses over time. According to experimental data on changes in electrical resistance, the critical contact area of the foaming film with the electrode was calculated, at which the film is destroyed. Based on the derived dependences, the change in the process of mass transfer of the foaming film to a flammable liquid was calculated, equal to about 800 s. The maximum possible mass transfer of the foaming agent into the flammable liquid and the reduction of insulation capacity were evaluated. The peculiarities of foam supply to the surface of alcohol through the screen are that the quenching time was about 156 s while the critical intensity of the supply of the working solution of the foaming agent was 0.054 dm3/(m2·s). And the time interval before re-ignition was about 470 s, which is enough to cool the fire site. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of targeted control over the processes of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a foaming agent

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Section: Discussion Of Results Of Studying the Process Of Mass Transf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Tsapko,

Likhnyovskyi,

Tsapko

et al. 2023

EEJET

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“…The use of nanoparticles in fire protection is of great interest at present. Nanotechnology is applied in direct fire protection (e.g., personal protective equipment of firefighters, respiratory systems) and indirect fire protection, which refers to the design of buildings and infrastructure that meet fire safety standards [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Nano Flame Retardants for Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Dowbysz,

Samsonowicz,

Kukfisz

et al. 2024

Materials

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For many years, efforts have been made to reduce the flammability of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), which are often used in the rail, shipbuilding, and construction industries. Without modification, they often fail to meet fire safety standards. Despite a rich history of flame retardants (FRs) applied to UPRs, researchers seek new solutions that will provide lower flammability and smoke density, as well as attaining a lower environmental impact from the composites. The objective of the study is to highlight the most important recent research on promising nano FRs in order to promote their further development. Mechanisms of action of several groups of nano FRs, such as clay-based, carbon-based, transition metal compounds, layered double hydroxides, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, and others, including bio-based, have been studied. Particular emphasis has been laid on nano FRs applied to UPRs, and their influences on thermal stability, flammability, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the environmental impact and toxicity of nano FRs have been discussed. Results have proved that nano FRs applied at low loadings may significantly improve thermal stability, with a simultaneous increase or only a slight decrease in mechanical properties. However, attention on related environmental issues has highlighted the necessity of carefully selecting novel nano FRs.

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“…To overcome these problems, various nano-particles such as silica, silver, alumina, and so on have been proposed for re-ghting and re prevention. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Pries et al 8 claimed that silica sol can penetrate and preserve in the surface and pores of wood, and thus is favorable to target re resistance. However, the used raw materials of silica sol were expensive, which limited the largescale application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%