Application of passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC) to non-domestic buildings

Bowman, N.T.; Lomas, Kevin J.; Cook, Malcolm; Eppel, Herbert; Ford, Brian; Hewitt, Mark Alan; Cucinella, Mario; Francis, E. J.; Rodriguez, Elizandro; González, R.; Álvarez, S. López; Galata, A.; Lanarde, P.; Belarbi, Rafik

doi:10.1016/0960-1481(96)00062-6

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Some studies indicated that bigger droplets may create airflow toward the bottom as they transfer momentum to the air stream [22,25]. Yet, the results of this study showed that outlet air velocities were fairly constant with almost no variation, ranging from 0.76 m/s to 0.79 m/s.…”

Section: Droplet Sizementioning

confidence: 59%

“…Additionally, previous studies focused mostly on the quantification of energy savings even though PDEC towers affect extensively the indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality. In fact, a number of approaches have been used to explain both the down-draft evaporative cooling process and the resulting indoor environments that they create such as post occupancy surveys, field experiments, building simulation, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis [1,4,5,[8][9][10]12,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. While such efforts have improved their performance to some extent, PDEC towers are still not commonly used as a low-energy solution in the cooling of buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of parameters affecting the performance of a passive down-draft evaporative cooling (PDEC) tower with a spray system

Kang

Strand

2016

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sIt demonstrates the significance of main parameters including those have not been well treated in the literature. It presents practical design guidelines for main parameters so as to significantly improve the performance of the system. It ensures that the performance of the system varies with many factors, rather than one dominant factor. It formulates two mathematical models that predict outlet air temperature and velocity. a b s t r a c t PDEC towers with spray systems are known to achieve substantial energy savings. Various parameters such as the wet-bulb depression, the tower height, and the wind speed have been known to be key factors affecting the performance of the system. To date, the significance of these parameters and other important factors have not been adequately treated in the literature. There also has been a lack of models that can successfully investigate potential benefits of the system under various conditions where this particular system could be applicable. To address these critical issues, this study performed a parametric analysis by using a FLUENT model validated against experimental data. It demonstrated the significance of individual parameters including water droplet sizes. As a result, practical design guidelines for important system parameters were presented. A statistical analysis was then used to formulate analytic models that account for all of the relationships found in this study between the parameters and the supply air conditions of the system. Two regression equations were formulated for predicting supply air temperature and velocity.

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Section: Droplet Sizementioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of parameters affecting the performance of a passive down-draft evaporative cooling (PDEC) tower with a spray system

Kang

Strand

2016

Applied Energy

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“…A wide range of experimental and computer based work suggests these technologies have a huge potential (Bowman et al, 1997;Bowman et al, 1998;Ford, 2009;Lain & Hensen, 2006;Moura & Ford, 2003;Schiano-phan, 2010;Short, Cook, & Lomas, 2009). In most of these studies the importance of analysing both macro (Kottek et al 2006) and micro (Hughes et al, 2012) climate is stated.…”

Section: Climatic Applicability Of Pdecmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ventilation cooling towers on plus energy houses in southern Europe

Babich

Cook

Cremers

et al. 2017

International Journal of Ventilation

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Cooling homes is often important to maintain acceptable internal comfort. This can be achieved by both active and passive solutions. This research focused on passive systems and has examined one hypothesis, that evaporative cooling towers are an important element of plus-energy houses in southern Europe. Refinements to the design of the existing ventilation tower of a Solar Decathlon House developed by the Hochschule f€ ur Technik Stuttgart are proposed and tested in eight locations in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain using dynamic thermal and computational fluid dynamics simulations in order to predict energy consumption, mean and peak CO 2 levels, temperatures, ventilation rates, cooling potential, fresh air distribution, indoor air quality and water consumption of the evaporative cooling system implemented within the tower. Results show that a 50% reduction of the annual energy demand for space cooling to be satisfied by other systems is achieved without compromising the internal comfort.

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“…Given that electricity is the predominant energy source for air-conditioning plant, which in primary energy terms is far more environmentally important than direct fossil fuel combustion, the application of passive cooling techniques may be a potent means for reducing environmental emissions. Evaporative cooling has great potential in this respect [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling

Bowman¹,

Eppel²,

Lomas³

et al. 2000

Indoor Built Environ

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This is the first of a series of four papers that describe a 3-year EU-funded research project into the application of passive downdraught evaporative cooling to non-domestic buildings. In this paper various evaporative cooling techniques are reviewed. By spraying fine droplets of water at the top of atria, a downdraught of air cooled by evaporation can be produced. Such direct evaporative cooling using an evaporation tower appears to be a suitable approach for partly displacing the need for air-conditioning in hot, dry climates. It can satisfy fresh air requirements and reduce or eliminate demand for mechanical cooling. Examples of this cooling technique in Southern Europe and the Middle East have already demonstrated its operation and potential energy savings. However, limitations, primarily due to control of the system, have been identified. This introductory paper presents the theoretical basis of evaporative cooling, reviews some historical precedents, and discusses their relative strengths and weaknesses. Three further papers in this series will disseminate the main findings of the project.

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Application of passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC) to non-domestic buildings

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Significance of parameters affecting the performance of a passive down-draft evaporative cooling (PDEC) tower with a spray system

Significance of parameters affecting the performance of a passive down-draft evaporative cooling (PDEC) tower with a spray system

The impact of ventilation cooling towers on plus energy houses in southern Europe

Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling

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