Application of Phoslock<sup>TM</sup>, an innovative phosphorus binding clay, to two Western Australian waterways: preliminary findings

Robb, Malcolm; Greenop, Bruce; Goss, Zoe; Douglas, Grant; Adeney, John A.

doi:10.1023/a:1025478618611

Cited by 177 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…Research had shown that nitrate addition could not only eliminate black-odorous and suppress internal phosphorus loading in the contaminated sediment but also successfully stimulate indigenous microorganisms for in situ bioremediation (Hemond and Lin 2010;Xu et al 2014;Yamada et al 2012). Phoslock®, a new lanthanum-modified bentonite, was developed in the 1990s by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia (Robb et al 2003), and had succeeded in reducing phosphorus in both laboratory and field trials (Meis et al 2012;Meis et al 2013;Lürling and van Oosterhout 2013). Phoslock® had also been used to remove phosphorus from wastewater and to control phosphate mobilization in soils (Geurts et al 2011;Haghseresht et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

Lin

Qiu²,

Yan³

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Calcium nitrate and a lanthanum-modified bentonite (Phoslock®) were investigated for their ability to control the release of phosphorus from contaminated sediment. Their effectiveness and mode of action were assessed using microcosm experiments by monitoring the variation of physiochemical parameters and phosphorus and nitrogen species over time following the treatment for 66 days. Phoslock® was more effective reducing phosphorus in overlaying water and controlling its release from sediment. Calcium nitrate improved redox condition at the sediment-water interface and temporally reduce phosphorus in overlaying water but phosphorus level returned back in a long run. Phosphorus fractionation suggested that Phoslock® converted mobile phosphorus to more stable species while calcium nitrate increased the fractions of mobile phosphorus species.Phoslock® generally showed no effect on nitrogen species. Whereas calcium nitrate temporally increased nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium concentrations but their concentrations quickly reduced likely due to the denitrification process. Results suggested that Phoslock® can be more effective in controlling the release of phosphorus from sediment than calcium nitrate. However, calcium nitrate can improve the redox condition at the sediment-water interface, which may provide other benefits such as stimulating biodegradation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

Lin

Qiu²,

Yan³

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Many techniques such as dosing the stream with materials, such as alum (Al 2 (So 4 ) 3 or altered bentonite clays (e.g., Phoslock®) to sorb P, rely on P attached to the adjuvant remaining on the stream bed or for the material to cap the bed and block P dissolution from sediment (Cooke et al 1993;Wrigely 2001;Robb et al 2003;Steinman et al 2004). This may not occur, as materials can be lost downstream during high flow events unless the material is very heavy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a technique to remove phosphorus from streamflow

McDowell

Hawke

McIntosh

2007

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Decreasing the load of phosphorus (P) in streamflow and entering P-limited lakes is central to preventing eutrophication. We trialled a technique to remove P from streamflow of an agricultural catchment by sorbing P onto a heavy weight steel slag mixture encased in a mesh: termed a P-sock. This technology allows entrained P to be removed on demand, and prevents P-rich material from washing downstream in storm events. One -hundred-andninety P-socks were installed in a 200 m reach of streambed in a herringbone fashion, which allowed both fish passage and mixing with stream water. In water samples and suspended sediment, pH and P fractions, including dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) were determined. P-socks and bed sediment were also subsampled, which indicated that after 6 months, only 20% capacity remained (P sorption maximum 4.5 g kg -1 ). Overall, concentrations of DRP and TP decreased on average 35 and 21%, respectively after the P-socks were installed, while loads decreased 44 and 10%, respectively. While this was an effective removal strategy at low flows, relatively little P was retained at flow rates >20 litres s -1 . In addition, the technology is expensive compared to alum dosing. Hence, this approach to P retention is limited to small, slow flowing waterways and may be more useful in stopping P loss from sources such as runoff from lane ways where dung is regularly deposited.

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“…More recently the clay mineral in most widespread use has been Phoslock, a lanthanum-modified bentonite which was specifically developed as a P-absorbent. 2 However, other P-absorbent clays (e.g., hydrotalcite-clay nanohybrid) have recently been developed to provide more generic anion-exchange potential. Many mineral byproducts and catchment soils, by virtue of their often high Ca and/or Fe content represent attractive alternatives.…”

Section: ■ the Development And Application Of New Materials Has Widenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geo-Engineering in Lakes: A Crisis of Confidence?

Spears

Maberly

Pan

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effective management of lakes suffering from eutrophication is confounded by a mosaic of interactions and feedbacks that are difficult to manipulate. For example, in lake processes can delay the relinquishment of legacy phosphorus (P) manifested within bed sediments for decades, even after effective catchment management. This recovery time is often deemed unacceptable and researchers have explored many inlake management measures designed to "speed-up" recovery. The manipulation of biogeochemical processes (commonly targeting P) using materials to achieve a desired chemical and/ or ecological response has been termed geo-engineering in lakes, and is becoming a commonly considered eutrophication management tool (Figure 1). Although this approach has been employed for many years it remains contentious largely due to variable results reported in the literature. This uncertainty risks ineffective management based on poorly designed or inappropriate applications. To address this, it is important that current levels of confidence in the approach be effectively communicated and that methods of increasing confidence are clearly demonstrated. We draw here on experiences of researchers and water managers at a global scale to demonstrate recent advances and consensus on recommendations (numbered below) for best practice. This information, although vital to underpinning successful management, has not been available in the peer reviewed literature.

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Application of Phoslock^TM, an innovative phosphorus binding clay, to two Western Australian waterways: preliminary findings

Cited by 177 publications

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Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

Assessment of a technique to remove phosphorus from streamflow

Geo-Engineering in Lakes: A Crisis of Confidence?

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Application of PhoslockTM, an innovative phosphorus binding clay, to two Western Australian waterways: preliminary findings

Cited by 177 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

Assessment of a technique to remove phosphorus from streamflow

Geo-Engineering in Lakes: A Crisis of Confidence?

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Product

Resources

About

Application of Phoslock^TM, an innovative phosphorus binding clay, to two Western Australian waterways: preliminary findings