Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Pediatric Dentistry: Literature Review

Abstract

Microbiological control of dental pathologies presents a significant clinical challenge for dental surgeons, particularly considering drug-resistant microorganisms. To address this issue, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective and complementary technique for microbial reduction. This therapy involves the application of a photosensitizer dye (PS) either topically or systemically, followed by exposure to low-power lasers with appropriate visible light wavelengths. PDT has found a valuable place in dentistry across various specialties, including surgery, periodontics, endodontics, dentistry, implantology, orthodontics, and pediatrics. In the realm of pediatric dentistry, managing microorganisms during dental treatments has become a major challenge. Considering its promising results and ease of application, Photodynamic Therapy presents an interesting alternative for clinical practice. However, it is important to note that specific protocols must be followed for each application, encompassing the type of photosensitizer, concentration, pre-irradiation time, light type, wavelength, energy, power, and mode of light delivery. Researchers have been steadily refining these protocols to facilitate PDT’s integration into clinical practice. The objective of this review is to describe in which procedures and oral health problems in children PDT can be applied. In this sense, we list what the literature brings about the possibilities of applying PDT in a pediatric dentistry clinic.

Influence of Photosensitizer on Photodynamic Therapy for Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review

“…Given the importance of microbial colonization in peri-implantitis, the effective removal of bacterial biofilms from the implant surface is crucial for treatment [ 24 ]. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising decontamination strategy [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. PDT uses the interaction between a light source, a photosensitizer, and oxygen to destroy pathogenic microorganisms selectively, demonstrating effectiveness in reducing the prevalence of pathogens on implant surfaces without harming the implants or surrounding tissues [ 25 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Antibacterial Properties of Rose Bengal Conjugated to Hyaluronic Acid

“…It is also supposed that PSs do not need to enter microbial cells, as adhesion to cell walls and membranes is enough for bacterial killing, bypassing resistance development [ 13 ]. PACT has become an essential tool in the field of dentistry, being used in a wide range of specialized areas such as general dentistry, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, surgery, and implantology [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. An additional method of the activation of PSs in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity can be ultrasound.…”