Application of physical therapy and occupational therapy methods in the rehabilitation of children with delayed development of psycho-motor’s functions

Abstract

Actuality. According to statistics, the current incidence rate for a general developmental delay in children with residual effects of early organic damage to the nervous system is from 1 to 3%. Modern rehabilitation care for children tends to expand evidence-based methods of physical rehabilitation. In the field of public health, the emphasis is on a multidisciplinary approach.The purpose of the study. Development of an algorithm for the application of physical therapy and occupational therapy measures and evaluation of their effectiveness in the treatment of preschool children with mental, motor's and language retardation.Materials and research methods. We conducted an examination and comprehensive rehabilitation of 21 children with delayed psycho-motor's and speech development.Research results and their discussion. Evaluation of brain's dysfunction was conducted using of EEG method and Lurija's-Simernitskаya's neuropsychological scale, psychomotor development scale of M. Ozeretsky and were used in rehabilitation plan: physical therapist, occupational therapist, activity with pedagogue, neuropsychologist and logopedist.A deficiency in the functions of subcortical structures was found in7 children 32% of the examined, a deficiency in the anterior gnostic systems in 15 children (70%), disturbances in kinesthetic gnosis in 5 children (29%), spatial gnosis in 6 children (30%). According to electroencephalography, the severity of interhemispheric asymmetry decreased in 5 children (23%), the presence of alpha rhythm increased in 8 children (37%), the prevalence of gamma and theta rhythms decreased in 9 children (41%), the general bioelectric activity became more regular in 17 children (79%).As a result of the interventions, compiled on the basis of survey data, improvements in higher mental functions were achieved in all parameters.In particular, the indicator of the visual gnosis score approached the norm in comparison with the initial values from 16±1.13 points to 7±0.5 points (р<0.01). The use of perceptual stimulation with verbal accompaniment and vocalization contributed to the improvement of the auditory score from 16±1.28 points to 7. 4±0.48 points (р<0.01). The total Gnostic score had positive dynamics of values from 39. 4±3.65 to 25.3±2.5 points (р<0.01). The activity of fine motor skills and oral praxis improved in 16 (77%) children. The level of dynamic coordination had positive dynamics of the values of this indicator by 29.8% (р<0.01), static coordination -by 47% (р<0.01), the level of static endurance increased by 32% compared to the initial values (р <0.01), which was accompanied by an improvement in the functions of the front and back gnostic zones (control and sequence of actions and kinesthetic gnosis).According to electroencephalography data, the severity of interhemispheric asymmetry decreased in 5 children (23%), the presence of alpha rhythm increased in 8 children (37%), the presence of gamma and theta rhythms decreased in 9 children (41%), the general bioelectrical activity became more regular i...