Application of pirarubicin photosensitizer fluorescence cystoscopy in early detection of bladder cancer

Jiang, Bo; Dong, Yang; He, Hong; Han, Conghui

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6570

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a study to determine the optimum dose of hypericin, 225 ug for 30 min was concluded to be the optimum dose for intravesical instillation ( 25 ). In addition, pirarubicin has also been used for PDD ( 26 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Macroscopic Image Enhancement in Diagnosis of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Analytical Review

Mulawkar

Sharma²,

Tamhankar

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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Early diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is of paramount importance to prevent morbidity and mortality due to bladder cancer. Although white light imaging (WLI) cystoscopy has long been considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, it can miss lesions in a substantial percentage of patients and is very likely to miss carcinoma in situ and dysplasia. Tumor margin detection by WLI can be inaccurate. Moreover, WLI could, sometimes, be inadequate in distinguishing inflammation and malignancy. To improve the diagnostic efficacy of cystoscopy, various optical image enhancement modalities have been studied. These image enhancement modalities have been classified as macroscopic, microscopic, or molecular. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), narrow band imaging (NBI), and Storz image 1 S enhancement (formerly known as SPIES) are macroscopic image enhancement modalities. A relevant search was performed for literature describing macroscopic image enhancement modalities like PDD, NBI, and image 1 S enhancement. The advantages, limitations, and usefulness of each of these in the diagnosis of bladder cancer were studied. Photodynamic diagnosis requires intravesical instillation of a photosensitizing agent and a special blue light cystoscope system. PDD has been shown to be more sensitive than WLI in the detection of bladder cancer. It is superior to WLI in the detection of flat lesions. Bladder tumor resection (TURBT) by PDD results in more complete resection and reduced recurrence rates. PDD-guided TURBT may have some role in reducing the risk of progression. Narrow band imaging provides increased contrast between normal and abnormal tissues based on neovascularization, thereby augmenting WLI. NBI requires a special light source. There is no need for intravesical contrast instillation. NBI is superior to WLI in the detection of bladder cancer. The addition of NBI to WLI improves the detection of flat lesions like carcinoma in situ. NBI is not useful in predicting invasive tumors or grades of tumors. NBI-directed TURBT reduces recurrence rates and recurrence free survival. But its efficacy in retarding progression is unproven. Image 1 S-enhancement utilizes software-based image enhancement modes without the need for a special light source or intravesical contrast instillation. This system provides high-quality images and identifies additional abnormal-looking areas. Another advantage of this system is simultaneous side-by-side visualization of WLI and enhanced image, providing WLI images as the control for comparison. As with PDD, S-enhancement produces a lower rate of a missed bladder cancer diagnosis. The system significantly improves the diagnosis of NMIBC. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of image 1 S enhancement increase with the increase in cancer grade. A negative test by S-enhancement effectively rules out NMIBC. All the image enhancement modalities have proven their utility in improving detection and short-term cancer control. But none of these modalities have proven their utility in delaying progression, or in long-term cancer control. Cancer progression and long-term control are governed by the biological nature of cancer cells. Early detection by optical enhancement may not be of utility in this regard. Well-designed studies are needed to establish the efficacy of these modalities in the evaluation of patients with bladder cancer. The last word, in this regard, is yet to be written.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Macroscopic Image Enhancement in Diagnosis of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Analytical Review

Mulawkar

Sharma²,

Tamhankar

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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“…[7][8][9] Traditional surgical techniques include open surgery and transurethral resection (TUR). 10,11 A recent meta-analysis showed that narrow band imaging-assisted TUR could reduce the rate of bladder cancer recurrence, compared with the rate following white light imaging TUR. 12 In recent years, advances in the use of holmium lasers have facilitated new approaches for such surgeries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transurethral holmium laser resection and transurethral electrocision combined with intravesical epirubicin within 24 hours postoperatively for treatment of bladder cancer

Xue

Shen

et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

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Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transurethral holmium laser resection (THOLR) and transurethral electrocision (TUR) combined with intravesical epirubicin within 24 hours postoperatively for treatment of non-muscular invasive bladder cancer. Methods: A total of 218 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with bladder cancer were enrolled in this prospective study from July 2014 to December 2017. The patients were randomly divided into THOLR and TUR groups. All patients received intravesical epirubicin (30 mg dissolved in 5% glucose solution) within 24 hours postoperatively. The operation time, blood loss, rate of obturator reflex, hospitalization time, catheterization time, complications, and recurrence were analyzed. Results: Operation, hospitalization, and catheterization times were significantly greater in the TUR group than in the THOLR group. The rates of blood loss and intraoperative obturator reflex were also significantly greater in the TUR group. There were no significant differences in complications, recurrence rate survival, or recurrence-free survival between the two groups, with the exception of bladder perforation rate. Conclusions: THOLR and TUR combined with intravesical epirubicin within 24 hours postoperatively were both safe and effective for treatment of bladder tumor; however, patients who undergo THOLR might experience more rapid recovery.

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Oxidative Stress and Bladder Cancer Carcinogenesis: Early Detection and Chemoprevention Involving Nrf2—an Integrative Approach

Saw

2018

Curr Pharmacol Rep

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Application of pirarubicin photosensitizer fluorescence cystoscopy in early detection of bladder cancer

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Role of Macroscopic Image Enhancement in Diagnosis of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Analytical Review

Role of Macroscopic Image Enhancement in Diagnosis of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Analytical Review

Transurethral holmium laser resection and transurethral electrocision combined with intravesical epirubicin within 24 hours postoperatively for treatment of bladder cancer

Oxidative Stress and Bladder Cancer Carcinogenesis: Early Detection and Chemoprevention Involving Nrf2—an Integrative Approach

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