Application of Potassium Ferrate(vi) for Oxidation of Selected Pollutants in Aquatic Environment – Short Review

Abstract

The paper provides comprehensive information on the recent progress of the use of potassium ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4) for the removal of selected pollutants from water and wastewater. K2FeO4 provides great potential for diverse environmental applications without harm to the natural environment. Therefore K2FeO4 was used in removal of cyanides from gold ore purification processes, degradation of dyes and organic compounds in wastewater and algae removal in the water treatment process. The quoted research results indicate that K2FeO4 due to its strong oxidizing and coagulating properties, could be an alternative to the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) or be an additional option to conventional methods of water and wastewater treatment. As a result of using K2FeO4, the emerge intermediates of the impurities decomposition are nontoxic or show less toxicity than the initial substrates. The use of K2FeO4 is also associated with certain limitations of technical and technological nature, which requires further research in order to use its high efficiency in the degradation of various types of contamination on a technical scale.

Application of Potassium Ferrate(VI) in the Treatment of Selected Water and Wastewater Pollutants – Short Review

“…In addition to the currently used purification methods: physical, chemical and biological, which often do not give satisfactory results, further, more innovative methods of wastewater treatment are being developed. One of such very promising and alternative methods, which are still mainly in the field of laboratory research, may be the use of K 2 FeO 4 , which is a compound with highly oxidizing and coagulating properties [49,50,51]. On the one hand, as a result of contact with contaminants, it acts as an oxidizer, while Fe(VI) ions are simultaneously reduced to Fe(III), Fe(OH) 3 can be precipitated, which acts as a coagulant.…”

Potassium Ferrate (VI) as the Multifunctional Agent in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate

“…The generated test results correspond to the literature data, which indicate that the value of the redox potential for the FeO 4 2− ion is greater in an acidic environment than in a neutral environment (E • = +2.20 V in acidic and E • = +0.72 V in neutral media). Generally, greater efficiency of the oxidation of organic compounds can be observed, while conducting the oxidation process in an acidic environment, rather than in a neutral one [43,44]. Another study indicated that use of K 2 FeO 4 for the purification of highly polluted tannery wastewater from leather dyeing processes resulted in the discoloration (98.4% removal), chemical oxygen demand (77.2% removal), total organic carbon (75.7% removal), and suspended solids (96.9% removal); the reported values were the smallest when 1.200 g/L K 2 FeO 4 at pH 3 within 9 min was used [59].…”

“…Due to the fact that the decomposition products of K 2 FeO 4 are iron oxides and oxygen, it is defined as a green oxidant and can be a promising alternative to the conventional coagulants [42]. Among others, potassium ferrate (VI) has been engaged for degradation of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), decomposition of surfactants (SPCs), personal care products (PCPs), pharmaceuticals [43], and also for oxidation of cyanides (CN − ) originating from the mining and processing of gold ore, degradation of natural organic matter (NOM), oxidation of N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET), many dyes (Methylene Blue, Orange II, Brilliant Red X-3B, Acid Green 16), removal of algae [44] and for wastewater treatment [45].…”

An Assessment of Synthesis and Effeciveness of Potassium Ferrate(VI) as a Green Agent in the Treatment of Carwash Wastewater

“…It was found that for carwash wastewater the temperature is in the range of 28 to 30°C, pH of 5.9 to 8.8, total suspended solids (TSS) from 265 to 794 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 320 to 1019 mg O2/L, oil and grease from 180 to 200 mg/L, turbidity from 118 to 380 NTU, and electrical con-ductivity from 84 to 100 μS/cm [3]. Recently, K2FeO4, a green chemical, is frequently proposed for the treatment of various types of wastewater and waste [4][5][6]. Because of thet, the aim of this paper is to examine the suitability of K2FeO4 as a green alternative, in the treatment of carwash wastewater.…”