Application of process mapping to understand integration of high risk medicine care bundles within community pharmacy practice

Weir, Natalie; Newham, Rosemary; Corcoran, Emma Dunlop; Al-Gethami, Ashwag Ali Atallah; Alridha, Ali Mohammed Abd; Bowie, Paul; Watson, Anne; Bennie, Marion

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.11.009

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, some studies reported how PM helped to promote the integration of health services across different settings by developing clinical evidence-based recommendations agreed among different healthcare professionals [ 74 , 86 , 87 , 89 ]. Finally, studies describe how PM can be a valuable tool for documenting a care process for further dissemination [ 170 ]. This is beneficial, for example, in helping to inform patients and carers about their expected journey [ 75 , 99 , 120 – 122 ] or to support training and education of healthcare professionals [ 81 , 101 , 152 , 153 , 162 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process mapping in healthcare: a systematic review

Antonacci

Lennox

Barlow

et al. 2021

BMC Health Serv Res

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Introduction Process mapping (PM) supports better understanding of complex systems and adaptation of improvement interventions to their local context. However, there is little research on its use in healthcare. This study (i) proposes a conceptual framework outlining quality criteria to guide the effective implementation, evaluation and reporting of PM in healthcare; (ii) reviews published PM cases to identify context and quality of PM application, and the reported benefits of using PM in healthcare. Methods We developed the conceptual framework by reviewing methodological guidance on PM and empirical literature on its use in healthcare improvement interventions. We conducted a systematic review of empirical literature using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. Inclusion criteria were: full text empirical study; describing the process through which PM has been applied in a healthcare setting; published in English. Databases searched are: Medline, Embase, HMIC–Health Management Information Consortium, CINAHL-Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus. Two independent reviewers extracted and analysed data. Each manuscript underwent line by line coding. The conceptual framework was used to evaluate adherence of empirical studies to the identified PM quality criteria. Context in which PM is used and benefits of using PM were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results The framework outlines quality criteria for each PM phase: (i) preparation, planning and process identification, (ii) data and information gathering, (iii) process map generation, (iv) analysis, (v) taking it forward. PM is used in a variety of settings and approaches to improvement. None of the reviewed studies (N = 105) met all ten quality criteria; 7% were compliant with 8/10 or 9/10 criteria. 45% of studies reported that PM was generated through multi-professional meetings and 15% reported patient involvement. Studies highlighted the value of PM in navigating the complexity characterising healthcare improvement interventions. Conclusion The full potential of PM is inhibited by variance in reporting and poor adherence to underpinning principles. Greater rigour in the application of the method is required. We encourage the use and further development of the proposed framework to support training, application and reporting of PM. Trial Registration Prospero ID: CRD42017082140

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process mapping in healthcare: a systematic review

Antonacci

Lennox

Barlow

et al. 2021

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…The swim lane approach allows for representation of the multiple departments involved in care coordination 22 and is used to identify patient handoffs between departments and to keep track of which personnel are responsible for navigation activities throughout a patient's breast cancer treatment. Although process mapping has proven useful in a variety of single-site and multisite health care delivery contexts, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] it has primarily been used in oncology to map processes within a single treatment modality. [35][36][37][38][39] The literature reveals a notable gap in describing the application of process mapping to streamline interdisciplinary processes in cancer care delivery and patient navigation, and there is a dearth of evidence on best practices for collaborative regional process improvement in oncology.…”

Section: Process-improvement Teammentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a workflow process mapping protocol to inform the implementation of regional patient navigation programs in breast oncology

Casanova

LeClair

Xiao

et al. 2022

Cancer

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and the Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) Consortium BACKGROUND: Implementing city-wide patient navigation processes that support patients across the continuum of cancer care is impeded by a lack of standardized tools to integrate workflows and reduce gaps in care. The authors present an actionable workflow process mapping protocol for navigation process planning and improvement based on methods developed for the Translating Research Into Practice study. METHODS: Key stakeholders at each study site were identified through existing community partnerships, and data on each site's navigation processes were collected using mixed methods through a series of team meetings. The authors used Health Quality Ontario's Quality Improvement Guide, service design principles, and key stakeholder input to map the collected data onto a template structured according to the case-management model. RESULTS: Data collection and process mapping exercises resulted in a 10-step protocol that includes: 1) workflow mapping procedures to guide data collection on the series of activities performed by health care personnel that comprise a patient's navigation experience, 2) a site survey to assess program characteristics, 3) a semistructured interview guide to assess care coordination workflows, 4) a site-level swim lane workflow process mapping template, and 5) a regional high-level process mapping template to aggregate data from multiple site-level process maps. CONCLUSIONS: This iterative, participatory approach to data collection and process mapping can be used by improvement teams to streamline care coordination, ultimately improving the design and delivery of an evidence-based navigation model that spans multiple treatment modalities and multiple health systems in a metropolitan area. This protocol is presented as an actionable toolkit so the work may be replicated to support other qualityimprovement initiatives and efforts to design truly patient-centered breast cancer treatment experiences.

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“…Two studies explored the implementation of technology or a new service. 66,67 Successful integration of a patient education service within the dispensary workflow using process mapping was reported, 67 and changes in workflow sequences following implementation of robotic dispensing technology increased efficiency and complexity. 66 In relation to the exploration of pre-existing dispensing process, five studies focused on this.…”

Section: Suggestions Posed In Relation To Safety Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,54,57,59,66 Six studies recommended further application of the methods adopted in the study. 40,46,51,56,63,67 Three studies suggested further exploration of models developed within the study. This related to Mandt et al's model of "fast dispensing" and "active dispensing" 55 ; Jahn and Caldwell's CHIPPER framework 45 ; and Harvey et al's sociotechnical model, which stratifies pharmacies into those which are "technically oriented", "socially oriented" or "improvising".…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Research Posed By the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%