Application of Proteomics to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing/remitting inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown aetiology. Despite recent advances in decoding the pathophysiology of IBD, many questions regarding disease pathogenesis remain. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and knockout mouse models have significantly advanced our understanding of genetic susceptibility loci and inflammatory pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis. Despite their important contribution to a better delineation of the disease process in IBD, these genetic findings have had little clinical impact to date. This is because the presence of a given gene mutation does not automatically correspond to changes in its expression or final metabolic or structural effect(s). Furthermore, the existence of these gene susceptibility loci in the normal population suggests other driving prerequisites for the disease manifestation. Proteins can be considered the main functional units as almost all intracellular physiological functions as well as intercellular interactions are dependent on them. Proteomics provides methods for the large-scale study of the proteins encoded by the genome of an organism or a cell, to directly investigate the proteins and pathways involved. Understanding the proteome composition and alterations yields insights into IBD pathogenesis as well as identifying potential biomarkers of disease activity, mucosal healing, and cancer progression. This review describes the state of the art in the field with respect to the study of IBD and the potential for translation from biomarker discovery to clinical application.

AGPAT1 as a Novel Colonic Biomarker for Discriminating Between Ulcerative Colitis With and Without Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

“…The concept of biomarkers in IBD is attractive, for example, in facilitating the diagnostic distinction between IBD subgroups, or as a complement to endoscopy in staging inflammatory behaviour ( 34 ). Despite the obvious benefits offered by plasma or serum, no proposed circulating biomarkers have yet been implemented in clinical practice ( 35 ).…”

“…In this LC-MS/MS based biomarker study, using archival biopsies from the proximal colon of patients with remissive IBD, we were able to identify and validate AGPAT1 as a potential colonic biomarker to differentiate PSC-UC from UC. The concept of biomarkers in IBD is attractive, for example, in facilitating the diagnostic distinction between IBD subgroups, or as a complement to endoscopy in staging inflammatory behaviour (34). Despite the obvious benefits offered by plasma or serum, no proposed circulating biomarkers have yet been implemented in clinical practice (35).…”

The role of Trans-abdominal Ultrasound in Assessing Disease Activity and Severity in Ulcerative Colitis

“…Doppler ultrasound was able to visualize "inflammatory hyperemia," which is considered a fairly reliable sign of active inflammation. Colonic wall-flow [CWF] is defined as absence [0] or presence [1] of blood signals at power Doppler [5] .…”

“…Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder that causes mucosal inflammation of the colon and characterized by a relapsing-remitting clinical course [1] . Activity and severity of inflammation influence management and treatment modality of UC patients.…”

Effect of systemic ozone use on oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in the colon in experimental colitis

“…Оксидативный стресс при ВЗК приводит к окислительной модификации белков (ОМБ) и перекисному окислению липидов (ПОЛ) энтероцитов, изменению их функции и гибели, изменению состава микробиоты, расширению зоны вторичной альтерации и формированию хронического воспаления. АФК и производные их взаимодействия с липидами и белками (ОМБ и ПОЛ) могут являться маркерами повреждения толстой кишки, прогнозировать тяжесть заболевания и эффективность лечения, быть мишенями в поиске новых терапевтических и профилактических подходов к регуляции локального редокc-cтатуcа при ВЗК [9][10][11]. Озон обладает выраженными полимодальными свойствами, интересен в плане применения в качестве регулятора редокс-статуса поврежденных тканей при воспалительных процессах любой этиологии [12].…”