Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Lacquer Research: A Review

Abstract

Examination of thermal degradation of natural and synthetic lacquer films by pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is reviewed. Due to the instantaneous heating decomposition, side reactions of internal or intermediate samples hardly occur, and the pyrolysis products can be retrieved without any change. Py-GC/MS has been used to analyze the composition of insoluble polymers and investigate degradation of resin materials. Lacquer film is a cross-linked polymer that is insoluble in any solvent. The aim of this review is to describe the application of Py-GC/MS to the analysis of lacquer, including natural lacquer saps, synthetic lacquer derivatives, and their films. After analyzing the chemical structures of the specific pyrolysis products by mass spectrometry, the lacquer tree species and growing region can be determined. These results have great significance for the protection and restoration of lacquer-coated cultural treasures.

Polyolefins and the environment

“…Thus chemically unchanged pyrolysates can be examined. PyÀGC/MS can be used to examine the composition of polymer materials that are difficult to dissolve in a solvent, investigate resin deterioration, and analyze volatile additives [45]. This method of analysis involves putting the sample in the inactivated sample holder of the microfurnace, dropping the sample holder into the reactor core, which is wrapped with high frequency coils, and filled with helium as the carrier gas using a switch, and then pyrolyzing it.…”

“…The directions in which these racks are placed are very important. These racks are at an angle of 45 C in a Southerly direction of the Northern Hemisphere and 45 C in the Northerly direction of the Southern Hemisphere. The exposure to the full spectrum of solar radiation, from infrared to ultraviolet is established by this angle.…”

Comparison of Different Sampling Techniques for the Identification of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Fire Effluents

“…Py-GC/MS is particularly useful for examination of combustion products resulting from burning polymeric materials that are difficult to dissolve in a solvent [20].…”

Development and Characterization of New Coating Material of Blended Epoxy-Lacquer with Aluminum

“…It is still a challenge to prepare low IR emissivity coatings with high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties today [11]. Although many synthetic polymers such as PU have been widely used as organic adhesives of low IR emissivity coatings, they show low mechanical properties and low corrosion resistance; therefore, developing natural products is still a very attractive solution for environmental protection purposes [13]. Raw lacquer [14] is a natural coating material that has excellent properties such as environmental friendliness, high durability, and corrosion resistance, and it has been widely used in areas such as chemical, textile, industrial, shipbuilding, mechanical, and electrical products [15].…”