Application of pyrolysis in dealing with end-of-life vehicular products: a case study on car bumpers

Tian, Jin; Ni, Feijian; Chen, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.096

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our results indicate that dismantling accounts for approximately half of total mechanical recycling costs. Other researchers have identified this same issue, for example in investigating end of life car bumper recycling (Tian et al, 2015). Design for disassembly approaches could help to significantly reduce this cost (Mayyas et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes

Bai

McKechnie

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

179

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. ABSTRACTRecovering value from carbon fibre reinforced polymers waste can help to address the high cost and environmental burden of producing carbon fibres, but there is limited understanding of the cost and environmental implications of potential recycling technologies. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental and financial viability of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre composite waste. Life cycle costing and environmental assessment models are developed to quantify the financial and environmental impacts of alternative composite waste treatment routes, comparing landfilling, incineration with energy recovery, and mechanical recycling in a UK context. Current Landfill Tax results in incineration becoming the lowest cost composite waste treatment option; however, incineration is associated with high greenhouse gas emissions as carbon released from composite waste during combustion exceeds CO2 emissions savings from displacing UK electricity and/or heat generation, resulting in a net greenhouse gas emissions source. Mechanical recycling and fibre reuse to displace virgin glass fibre can provide the greatest greenhouse gas emissions reductions of the treatment routes considered (378 kg CO2eq./t composite waste), provided residual recyclates are landfilled rather than incinerated. However, this pathway is found to be unfeasible due to its high cost, which exceeds £2,500/t composite waste ($3,750/t composite waste). The financial performance of mechanical recycling is impaired by the high costs of dismantling and recycling processes; low carbon fibre recovery rate; and low value of likely markets. To be viable, carbon fibre recycling processes must achieve near-100% fibre recover rates and minimise the degradation of fibre mechanical properties to enable higher-value applications (e.g., virgin carbon fibre displacement). Ongoing development of carbon fibre recovery technologies and composite manufacturing techniques using recycled carbon fibres leading to improved material properties is therefore critical to ensuring financial viability and environmental benefit of carbon fibre reinforced polymer recycling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes

Bai

McKechnie

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

179

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“…However, the entire recovery process is based on technologies developed more than fifty years ago. The experts proposed many innovative procedures during the last decades ( (Tian et al, 2015)). However, the focus is still on alternative -or better -ways to increase recovery percentages of the car hulk (or the remaining mass of a car after depollution and dismantling) that is currently incinerated or landfilled -the so called ASR ( (Zorpas and Inglezakis, 2012); (Vermeulen et al, 2011)).…”

Section: A Generic Elv Recovery Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving end of life vehicle’s management practices: An economic assessment through system dynamics

Rosa

Terzi

2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…However, in the case of scrap metal coated with paint residues, in order to remove the paint residues and recover the metal, the most commonly known technique is incineration (co-producing energy), which, however, leads to the production of toxic gas emissions that require further management costs, making the process financially unsustainable. Thus, in most cases these wastes are deposited in high quantities on landfills [43], which is considered very toxic towards the environment and human health because the paint residues contain high amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., which are widely considered to be carcinogens when inhaled [44]. Yet there is still very little literature concerning this type of waste material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Hazardous Organic Solid Wastes towards Fuels and Chemicals via Fast (Catalytic) Pyrolysis

Rekos

Charisteidis

Tzamos

et al. 2022

Sustainable Chemistry

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The management of municipal and industrial organic solid wastes has become one of the most critical environmental problems in modern societies. Nowadays, commonly used management techniques are incineration, composting, and landfilling, with the former one being the most common for hazardous organic wastes. An alternative eco-friendly method that offers a sustainable and economically viable solution for hazardous wastes management is fast pyrolysis, being one of the most important thermochemical processes in the petrochemical and biomass valorization industry. The objective of this work was to study the application of fast pyrolysis for the valorization of three types of wastes, i.e., petroleum-based sludges and sediments, residual paints left on used/scrap metal packaging, and creosote-treated wood waste, towards high-added-value fuels, chemicals, and (bio)char. Fast pyrolysis experiments were performed on a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor for the determination of product yields, i.e., pyrolysis (bio)oil, gases, and solids (char). In addition, the composition of (bio)oil was also determined by Py/GC-MS tests. The thermal pyrolysis oil from the petroleum sludge was only 15.8 wt.% due to the remarkably high content of ash (74 wt.%) of this type of waste, in contrast to the treated wood and the residual paints (also containing 30 wt.% inorganics), which provided 46.9 wt.% and 35 wt.% pyrolysis oil, respectively. The gaseous products ranged from ~7.9 wt.% (sludge) to 14.7 (wood) and 19.2 wt.% (paints), while the respective solids (ash, char, reaction coke) values were 75.1, 35, and 36.9 wt.%. The thermal (non-catalytic) pyrolysis of residual paint contained relatively high concentrations of short acrylic aliphatic ester (i.e., n-butyl methacrylate), being valuable monomers in the polymer industry. The use of an acidic zeolitic catalyst (ZSM-5) for the in situ upgrading of the pyrolysis vapors induced changes on the product yields (decreased oil due to cracking reactions and increased gases and char/coke), but mostly on the pyrolysis oil composition. The main effect of the ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was that, for all three organic wastes, the catalytic pyrolysis oils were enriched in the value-added mono-aromatics (BTX), especially in the case of the treated wood waste and residual paints. The non-condensable gases were mostly consisting of CO, CO2, and different amounts of C1–C4 hydrocarbons, depending on initial feed and use or not of the catalyst that increased the production of ethylene and propylene.

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Application of pyrolysis in dealing with end-of-life vehicular products: a case study on car bumpers

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes

Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes

Improving end of life vehicle’s management practices: An economic assessment through system dynamics

Valorization of Hazardous Organic Solid Wastes towards Fuels and Chemicals via Fast (Catalytic) Pyrolysis

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