Application of Radioactive Tracer Technique to Studies of Phosphatic Fertilizer Utilization by Crops:

Nelson, W. L.; Krantz, B. A.; Colwell, W. E.; Woltz, W. G.; Hawkins, Arthur; Liu, Dean; Mackenzie, Alexander; Rubins, E. J.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1948.036159950012000c0024x

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…5), as has often been stated ( Nelson et al, 1947;Sharpley, 1987;Stelly and Morris, 1953;Welch et al, 1949). A statistically significant increase (P = 0.05), in P uptake with P fertilization, estimated by the ratio o f the quantities of total P taken up by the crops with and without fertilizer, exists as soon as the Pdff reaches 30%, i.e.…”

Section: Effect Of Soil-p Bioavailability On Phosphorus Uptake From Ssupporting

confidence: 58%

Uptake of phosphate from soils and fertilizers as affected by soil P availability and solubility of phosphorus fertilizers

Morel

Fardeau

1990

Plant Soil

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Fertilizers labelled with 32p were used to measure amounts of phosphorus, Ps and PF, taken up by Lolium perenne from available soil P and from P fertilizer respectively, when applied at a rate of 66 mg P. (kg soil-~ ) in greenhouse experiments. The quantity Ps of phosphorus taken up from soil in the presence of P fertilizer was compared to the quantity Po taken up from soil without P fertilizer. The quantity (P~ -Po) is positive for low Po values, i.e. in soils poor in available phosphorus, but is negative for high Po values indicating that an input of P fertilizer can induce a decrease in the utilization of available soil phosphorus. Moreover, for a given soil, the quantity (Ps -Po) depends on the chemical form of the fertilizer. The standard method of evaluation of P fertilizer efficiency is based on the assumption that P~ = Po, but P~ can differ from Po. This result can explain the contradictory data published from field experiments about the efficiency of the various P fertilizers.

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Section: Effect Of Soil-p Bioavailability On Phosphorus Uptake From Ssupporting

confidence: 58%

Uptake of phosphate from soils and fertilizers as affected by soil P availability and solubility of phosphorus fertilizers

Morel

Fardeau

1990

Plant Soil

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“…l), because P deficiency stress developed and increased during the period when the requirement for P was greatest, i.e. during tuberization and bulking (Nelson et al, 1947;MacKay et al, 1988). Our results underscore the importance of preventing P deficiency during growth of potato and suggest a potential benefit from the VAM symbiosis under appropriate field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Influence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Response of Potato to Phosphorus Deficiency

McArthur

Knowles

1993

Plant Physiol.

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Morphological and biochemical interactions between a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus (Glomus fasciculatum [Thaxt. sensu Cerdemann] Cerdemann and Trappe) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants during the development of P deficiency were characterized. Nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants grown for 63 d with low abiotic P supply (0.5 mM) produced 34, 52, and 73% less root, shoot, and tuber dry matter, respectively, than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM). The total leaf area and the leaf area:plant dry weight ratio of low-P plants were substantially lower than those of high-P plants. Moreover, a lower shoot:root dry weight ratio and tuber:plant dry weight ratio in low-P plants than in high-P plants characterized a major effect of P deficiency stress on dry matter partitioning. In addition to a slower rate of growth, low-P plants accumulated nonreducing sugars and nitrate. Furthermore, root respiration and leaf nitrate reductase activity were lower in low-P plants than in high-P plants. Low abiotic P supply also induced physiological changes that contributed to the greater efficiency of P acquisition by low-P plants than by high-P plants. For example, allocation of dry matter and P to root growth was less restricted by P deficiency stress than to shoot and tuber growth. Also, the specific activities of root acid phosphatases and vanadatesensitive microsomal ATPases were enhanced in P-deficient plants. The establishment of a VAM symbiosis by low-P plants was essential for efficient P acquisition, and a greater root infection leve1 for Pstressed plants indicated increased compatibility to the VAM fungus. By 63 d after planting, low-P VAM plants had recovered 42% more of the available soil P than low-P N M plants. However, the VAM fungus only partially alleviated P deficiency stress and did not completely compensate for inadequate abiotic P supply. Although the specific activities of acid phosphatases and microsomal ATPases were only marginally influenced by VAM infection, VAM roots characteristically had a higher protein concentration and, consequently, enhanced microsomal ATPase and acid phosphatase activities on a fresh weight basis compared with N M roots. Morphological and ultrastructural details of VAM plants are discussed i n relation to the influence of the VAM symbiosis on P nutrition of potato.Second only to N, P is the mineral nutrient for which availability is most likely limiting to plant growth. The concentration of P in the soil solution is in the micromolar range, and moreover, this element diffuses slowly in soils. Hence, depletion of P in the root zone commonly limits further

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“…Photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization for shoot growth are hindered when P nutrition is inadequate (Qiu and Israel, 1992), resulting in a shift in photoassimilate and P partitioning to favor root growth (Cogliatti and Clarkson, 1983). For the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), adequate P nutrition is critica1 for tuber development and simultaneously to maintain a high photosynthetic rate during tuber bulking (Nelson et al, 1947). Because the potato has an inherently low root density and restricted ability to recover fertilizer P (Pursglove and Sanders, 1981), P deficiency can be a limiting factor to yield in commercial potato production (MacKay et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Species of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Mineral Nutrition of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

McArthur

Knowles

1993

Plant Physiol.

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Crowth, development, and mineral physiology of potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) plants in response to infection by three species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and different levels of P nutrition were characterized. P deficiency in no-P and low-P (0.5 mM) nonmycorrhizal plants developed between 28 and 84 d after planting. By 84 d after planting, P deficiency decreased plant relative growth rate such that no-P and low-P plants had, respectively, 65 and 45% less dry mass and 76 and 55% less total P than plants grown with high P (2.5 mM). A severe reduction in leaf area was also evident, because P deficiency induced a restriction of lateral bud growth and leaf expansion and, also, decreased the relative plant allocation of dry matter to leaf growth. Root growth was less influenced by P deficiency than either leaf or stem growth. Moreover, P-deficient plants accumulated a higher proportion of total available P than high-P plants, indicating that P stress had enhanced root efficiency of P acquisition. Plant P deficiency did not alter the shoot concentration of N, K, Mg, or Fe; however, the total accumulation of these mineral nutrients in shoots of P-stressed plants was substantially less than that of high-P plants. P uptake by roots was enhanced by each of the VAM symbionts by 56 d after planting and at all levels of abiotic P supply. Species differed in their ability to colonize roots and similarly to produce a plant growth response. In this regard, Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith) enhanced plant growth the most, whereas Glomus dimorphicum (Boyetchko and Tewari) was least effective, and Glomus mosseae ([Nicol. and Cerd.] Cerd. and lrappe) produced an intermediate growth response. l h e partia1 alleviation of P deficiency in no-P and low-P plants by VAM fungi stimulated uptake of N, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. VAM fungi enhanced shoot concentrations of P, N, and Mg by 28 d after planting and, through a general improvement of overall plant mineral nutrition, promoted plant growth and development.

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Application of Radioactive Tracer Technique to Studies of Phosphatic Fertilizer Utilization by Crops:

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Uptake of phosphate from soils and fertilizers as affected by soil P availability and solubility of phosphorus fertilizers

Uptake of phosphate from soils and fertilizers as affected by soil P availability and solubility of phosphorus fertilizers

Influence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Response of Potato to Phosphorus Deficiency

Influence of Species of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Mineral Nutrition of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

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