Application of Raman and Brillouin Scattering Phenomena in Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing

Muanenda, Yonas; Otón, Claudio J.; Pasquale, F. Di

doi:10.3389/fphy.2019.00155

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…A relatively large assortment of FOSs, ranging from simple fiber devices that exploit Rayleigh [ 6 ], Brillouin and Raman [ 7 ] scattering effects to fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), sophisticated Fabry-Pérot sapphire interferometers [ 8 ] and contact pyrometers [ 9 ], has been developed to measure high temperature. For very high temperature range (900–1900 °C) sapphire FBGs are being developed [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating Wavelength Drift in Long-Term High Temperature Annealing

Grobnic

Hnatovsky

Dedyulin

et al. 2021

Sensors

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High-temperature-resistant fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are the main competitors to thermocouples as sensors in applications for high temperature environments defined as being in the 600–1200°C temperature range. Due to their small size, capacity to be multiplexed into high density distributed sensor arrays and survivability in extreme ambient temperatures, they could provide the essential sensing support that is needed in high temperature processes. While capable of providing reliable sensing information in the short term, their long-term functionality is affected by the drift of the characteristic Bragg wavelength or resonance that is used to derive the temperature. A number of physical processes have been proposed as the cause of the high temperature wavelength drift but there is yet no credible description of this process. In this paper we review the literature related to the long-term wavelength drift of FBGs at high temperature and provide our recent results of more than 4000 h of high temperature testing in the 900 –1000°C range. We identify the major components of the high temperature wavelength drift and we propose mechanisms that could be causing them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating Wavelength Drift in Long-Term High Temperature Annealing

Grobnic

Hnatovsky

Dedyulin

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Based on the temperature measurement, the strain measurement is computed and discriminated from both a strain and temperature dependent Brillouin frequency shift in the BOTDR sensor [49]. Recent advances of the hybrid Raman and Brillouin sensing systems have been reviewed, presenting promising techniques based on pulse coding to address the challenges of the tradeoff between the sensing distance and spatial resolution in the hybrid sensing system [50]. To address the incompatibility of input power requirement for hybrid ROTDR and BOTDR in standard single mode fibers, an MCF based hybrid ROTDR and BOTDR is reported for discriminative and distributed sensing of temperature and strain using a single laser source, shared pump generation devices and separate interrogation fiber channels (Figure 8).…”

Section: Multiplexed Distributed Sensing Systems Of Botda and Other Distributed Fiber Sensor Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Specialty Fiber Based Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Technology

Humbert

Dong

et al. 2021

Photonics

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Specialty fibers have introduced new functionalities and opportunities in distributed fiber sensing applications. Particularly, Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) systems have leveraged the unique features of specialty fibers to achieve performance enhancement in various sensing applications. This paper provides an overview of recent developments of the specialty fibers based BOTDA technologies and their sensing applications. The specialty fibers based BOTDA systems are categorized and reviewed based on the new features or performance enhancements. The prospects of using specialty fibers for BOTDA systems are discussed.

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“…The advances in electrical power cable manufacturing are providing cables with optical fibre embedded, which is a significant advance in temperature monitoring by means of optical fibre sensors. This is the best-suited technology for long-range monitoring, with high accuracy (2-3 • C at 30 km with 0.5-1 m resolution), and it relies on Brillouin time domain analysis, as well as Raman distributed temperature sensing [116]. The underlying principle through which these two mechanisms are operating is the extraction of physical parameters from backscattered light, making them extremely accurate at identifying weak points in cables at long distances.…”

Section: Cable Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

et al. 2021

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With the increase in the electrical load and the progressive introduction of power generation from intermittent renewable energy sources, the power line operating conditions are approaching the thermal limits. The definition of thermal limits variable in time has been addressed under the concept of dynamic thermal rating (DTR), with which it is possible to provide a more detailed assessment of the line rating and exploit the electrical system more flexibly. Most of the literature on DTR has addressed overhead lines exposed to different weather conditions. The interest in the dynamic thermal rating of power cables is increasing, considering the evolution of computational methods and advanced systems for cable monitoring. This paper contains an overview of the concepts and methods referring to dynamic cable rating (DCR). Starting from the analytical formulations developed many years ago for determining the power cable rating in steady-state conditions, also reported in International Standards, this paper considers the improvements of these formulations proposed during the years. These improvements are leading to include more specific details in the models used for DCR analysis and the computational methods used to assess the power cable’s thermal conditions buried in soil. This paper is focused on highlighting the path from the initial theories and models to the latest literature contributions. Attention is paid to thermal modelling with different levels of detail, applications of 2D and 3D solvers and simplified models, and their validation based on experimental measurements. A salient point of the overview is considering the DCR impact on reliability aspects, risk estimation, real-time calculations, forecasting, and planning with different time horizons.

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Application of Raman and Brillouin Scattering Phenomena in Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

Fiber Bragg Grating Wavelength Drift in Long-Term High Temperature Annealing

Fiber Bragg Grating Wavelength Drift in Long-Term High Temperature Annealing

Review of Specialty Fiber Based Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Technology

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

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