“…A recent systematic literature review also manifested that self-efficacy was interrelated to resilience as internal factors ( Tamura et al, 2021 ). A considerable number of studies has demonstrated that comprehensive psychological/resilience intervention programs, such as psychological interventions in the light of PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) framework ( Tu et al, 2021 ), stress management and resilience training ( Marzorati et al, 2021 ), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) ( van Helmondt et al, 2023 ), mindfulness-based interventions ( Galante et al, 2021 ), and emotive behavior therapy ( Liu et al, 2022 ), have different degrees of effectiveness on overall resilience and ultimately enhanced physical and psychological well-being. However, most psychological/resilience intervention programs rarely incorporate self-efficacy or have nonsignificant effects on self-efficacy ( Jin et al, 2022 ).…”