“…Some of the most often used synthetic materials used in patches for diaphragm treatment are expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patches (Grethel et al, 2006; Omura et al, 2020), reinforced silastic sheets (Smith et al, 2004), and polypropylene meshes (Mohsina et al, 2017). However, using synthetic materials may cause an allergic reaction, granulation tissue formation, infection, or mechanical insufficiencies with native tissue thoracic deformity and recurrence of the hernia (Kaarthick et al, 2017; Kuevda et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2013). In addition, synthetic patches do not grow as the child grows (Fauza, Marler, Koka, Forse, Mayer, & Vacanti, 2001; Lantis Ii et al, 2000); hence, patients need to undergo numerous surgeries as they mature.…”