Application of recycled carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers as reinforcement for epoxy foams

Song, Wenzhe; Magid, Ahmed; Li, Diyang; Lee, Koon‐Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110766

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In Dang et al's study, the DP obtained from the depolymerization of an aliphatic amine cured BPF epoxy in nitric acid was added to fresh BPF epoxy resin in different weight percentages (5,10,15,20,25, and 30 wt.%), and then the mixture was cured with phanhydride (PA). [67] The DP was a mixture of compounds containing residual BPF moiety in structure and terminal reactive hydrogens (e.g., -OH, -NH 2 ).…”

Section: Reuse Of Degradation Product Of Amine-cured Epoxymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported, the global recycled CF (rCF) and CF composites market size is rapidly growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.4% and is projected to reach $31.5 billion by 2025. [9] Currently, CFRP recycling methods are mainly classified into three categories: mechanical recycling, [10,11] thermal recycling, [12][13][14] and chemical recycling (Figure 1). [7,15,16] In the mechanical recycling process, the composites are crushed or shredded into small pieces of different sizes which are then separated via sieving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Progress in Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Liu

Shao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are indispensable in a variety of applications, because of their high specific strength. CFRPs are generally constructed by carbon fibers as reinforcements and crosslinked polymers as binders. Due to the irreversible nature of the crosslinked polymers, CFRPs are neither repairable nor recyclable. Once the material is damaged or out of service, landfill or incineration is the typical way to deal with the waste. These methods take no advantages of the residue value of the waste and add burdens to the environment. To reduce waste and cost, it is desirable to develop effective recycling technologies to reserve the residue value of carbon fiber and polymer matrix. In the past decade, chemical recycling by cleaving the covalent bonds in a solvent has been considered as an ideal path for the recycling of CFRP wastes, because it has the potential to recover both valuable CFs and polymer matrix. In this review, the discussion is focused on the progress in the chemical recycling of CFRP. The primary matrix resin of CFRP discussed in this review is epoxy resin which is the most widely used polymer matrix. In addition, the challenges and outlook are provided.

show abstract

Section: Reuse Of Degradation Product Of Amine-cured Epoxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Liu

Shao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different recycling methods for CFRP are being developed to mitigate the impact, including thermal (e.g., pyrolysis, fluidized bed recycling), chemical (e.g., solvolysis, hydrolysis) and electrochemical routes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Indeed, recycling is a difficult process for composites prepared with thermoset polymer matrices, and the resulting recovered fibers commonly have short lengths and hence low aspect ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fibers Modified with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A multifunctional designing approach is of great importance for advanced composite applications. This study assessed the use of ionic liquids (ILs) to modify the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and impart multifunctional characteristics to it. For that, ethanolic solutions of different ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, at different concentrations, were used to treat the CF. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of IL on the CF surface. The contact angle for 1% w/v IL-treated CF and DGEBA epoxy decreased by up to 35%, corresponding to an increase in surface energy of fiber, accompanied by an increase of 91% in interfacial shear strength. These enhancements were achieved with the hydroxy-functionalized IL, showing the tunability of CF properties through the N-imidazolium substituent. An increase in crystallite size along the basal plane was also found due to the ordering of the graphitic structure on the surface. Moreover, there was a decrease in electrical resistivity of 77%. In all, the imidazolium ILs were considered a promising approach to induce multifunctional characteristics, namely enhanced interfacial strength and electrical conductivity, to unsized CF, which can also be beneficial for recycled fibers without deteriorating their inherent surface properties.

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, this tends to result in a reduction in the mechanical strength of the recycled resin. Obtaining a recycled resin with adequate mechanical strength is therefore challenging, unless the pulverized resin possesses functional groups that can react with the virgin resin. , Many studies have therefore been conducted to pulverize CFRPs possessing rigid and strong carbon fibers to fill them into other resins − or concretes, , although the pulverized resin can be utilized only as a filler, thereby limiting its application. Moreover, the lengths of the carbon fibers and glass fibers contained in the composites are drastically shortened after pulverization, which results in a loss of the fiber value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach to Recycling of Epoxy Resins Using Nitric Acid: Regeneration of Decomposed Products through Hydrogenation

Hanaoka

Arao

Kayaki

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the increase in the amount of produced epoxy resin waste, it is desirable to recycle this material to reduce the burden on the environment. Despite many studies focusing on recovering fibers from composites, few studies have focused on recycling the resin itself. In this study, we developed a new approach for recycling the decomposed amine-cured epoxy resin as an amine curing agent. Following the decomposition of the epoxy resin in nitric acid, a nitrated and decomposed resin product was extracted from the nitric acid solution. The resulting extract was then hydrogenated to convert the nitro group into amino group, and the hydrogenated extract was incorporated into the epoxy resin by replacing a portion of the original curing agent. The obtained recycled resin exhibited a higher tensile strength and comparable tensile modulus compared to the virgin resin due to the presence of aromatic amino groups. Moreover, when 20 mass% of the curing agent was replaced with the hydrogenated extract, the recycled resin with the optimized formulation exhibited tensile strength comparable to that of the virgin one. This approach demonstrates a novel recycling method for creating a closed loop of amine-cured epoxy resins.

show abstract

Application of recycled carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers as reinforcement for epoxy foams

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Progress in Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Progress in Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fibers Modified with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

New Approach to Recycling of Epoxy Resins Using Nitric Acid: Regeneration of Decomposed Products through Hydrogenation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About