“…The development of materials responding to minute changes in their surrounding environments like heat, 1,2 light, 1,3-5 humidity, [6][7][8] liquids, 9,10 and chemical vapor 7,[11][12][13] by changing their characteristics like size, 14 shapes, 2,7,11,12 and color 15,16 is considered a matter of great importance in advanced technologies. To facilitate fast, accurate, and specific responsiveness in artificially intelligent systems such as artificial muscles, soft robots, actuators, and programmable devices, researchers are working on developing responsive materials with explicit characteristics tailored to specific applications.…”