Holographic methods for observation of stationary and moving objects located behind a non-transparent screen, inside nontransparent construction or in opaque (turbulent) water are discussed. In the first case. microwave holography is used. In particular. a stationary microwave facility or a holographic video canicra with a picture frequency of 20 Hz is used. Defects inside various large concrete construction elements and protection lids were found. An image of a live dog behind a non-transparent wall was recorded. In the second case, ultrasound radiation was used. In particular. water surface disturbances caused by the radiation pressure of ultrasound 'aves passing across underwater objects were recorded. Two methods were created: one based on the effects of refraction and diffraction of a laser beam by water surface disturbances. and another based on the Talbot effect. It is shown that the first method can be used for detection of dynamic underwater objects crossing the sound beam. The Talbot effect method permits. besides detection, formation of images of these objects. Examples are shown of detection of live fish in opaque water and formation of images of small (-1.5 cm2) motionless objects.Keywords: target recognition in opaque media. Talbot effect, microwave and ultrasound holography, light refraction and diffraction on disturbed water, water disturbance b' ultrasound.