Application of response surface methodology and desirability approach to investigate and optimize the jet pump in a thermoacoustic Stirling heat engine

Design of a traveling wave thermo‐acoustic engine based on genetic algorithm

“…However, in Equation (19), the places of nondominant poles are unknown, which should be found by the search algorithm as well. Thus, in order to achieve the amounts of design parameters of the TASE (see Equation 13), the parameters h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , and h 4 must achieve the desired values of c 1 , c 2 , c 3 , and c 4 in Equation (19) such that the engine characteristic equation coincides with the desired characteristic polynomial. Thus, in order to achieve the amounts of design parameters of the TASE (see Equation 13), the parameters h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , and h 4 must achieve the desired values of c 1 , c 2 , c 3 , and c 4 in Equation (19) such that the engine characteristic equation coincides with the desired characteristic polynomial.…”

“…According to the defined fitness function, it is obvious that the coefficients c 1 to c 4 are functions of unknown parameters of nondominant poles, ie, C T 1 ; C T 2 ; C T 3 ; and C T 4 considering ω as a known variable (see Equation 19) while h 1 to h 4 are functions of the unknown design variables, ie, T H ,D d ,and L ac if the rest of the parameters presented in Equations (14) to (17) are known. Accordingly, the unknown variables C T 1 ; C T 2 ; C T 3 ; C T 4 ; T H ; D d ; and L ac should be obtained through the search algorithm such that the presented cost function defined by Equation (24) is minimized, meaning that the pressure …”

“…Therefore, the constants C T 1 , C T 2 , C T 3 , and C T 4 can be considered as other unknown variables in the fitness function. Thus, in order to achieve the amounts of design parameters of the TASE (see Equation 13), the parameters h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , and h 4 must achieve the desired values of c 1 , c 2 , c 3 , and c 4 in Equation (19) such that the engine characteristic equation coincides with the desired characteristic polynomial. Consequently, a reasonable candidate for the fitness function ( f ) can be proposed as follows:…”

“…12,13 Other categories of dynamic Stirling engines are known as Fluidyne and free piston Stirling engines, which are not within the scope of this article. [19][20][21][22][23][24] In addition, they are self-starting, while this latest issue is a challenge in other dynamic Stirling engines, ie, the free piston Stirling engines. In standingwave thermo-acoustic engines, self-sustained oscillating pressure waves are first generated using the applied heat and then are converted into electricity through reversed acoustical speakers.…”

“…9,18 The traveling wave TASEs possess numerous advantages such as being environmentally friendly, low manufacturing cost, long operating life, and high thermal efficiency. [19][20][21][22][23][24] In addition, they are self-starting, while this latest issue is a challenge in other dynamic Stirling engines, ie, the free piston Stirling engines. [25][26][27][28] Indeed, the conventional engines require a starter (eg, an electric motor) to run.…”