Application of Reverse Micelle Sol–Gel Synthesis for Bulk Doping and Heteroatoms Surface Enrichment in Mo-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles

Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticles containing 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt.% Mo were prepared by a reverse micelle template assisted sol–gel method allowing the dispersion of Mo atoms in the TiO2 matrix. Their textural and surface properties were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at −196 °C, energy dispersive X-ray analysis coupled to field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy, and ζ-potential measurement. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (under visible light and low irradiance) in water was used as a test reaction as well. The ensemble of the obtained experimental results was analyzed in order to discover the actual state of Mo in the final materials, showing the occurrence of both bulk doping and Mo surface species, with progressive segregation of MoOx species occurring only at a higher Mo content.

Effects of the Brookite Phase on the Properties of Different Nanostructured TiO2 Phases Photocatalytically Active Towards the Degradation of N‐Phenylurea

“…The TiO 2 NPs obtained by reverse‐micelle TASG method (RM‐TiO 2 ) were synthesised as follows: the di‐block copolymer (polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether (commercial name: Brij O20) was dispersed in cyclohexane (the oil phase) by stirring at 50 °C. Afterwards, MilliQ water was added to the mixture and stirred for 45 min, leading to the formation of a water in oil (w/o) microemulsion of surfactant‐encapsulated aqueous nanoreactors.…”

Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity and Kinetics of Fe-Doped TiO2 Prepared by a Three-Block Copolymer Templating Approach

“…When Fe-doping is effective, charge-transfer transitions occurs between d electrons of the transition metal and the conduction band of TiO 2 [ 19 ]. Moreover, doping with Fe 3+ ions reduce the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes and enhances the absorption in the UV range [ 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Investigation an environmentally friendly method under magnetic field as a green solvent for the synthesis of brookite phase nanoparticles at room temperature

“…TiO 2 nanoparticle is one of the most proper and popular semiconductors whose applications cover diverse industrial areas including photocatalysis [1,2], thin-lm, sunscreen, photovoltaic, electrodes [3,4], sensors [5,6], and drug delivery [7,8]. In this regard, TiO 2 nanoparticle have been prepared through different methods, including sol-gel [9], inverse micelle [10,11], hydrothermal [12], straight oxidation [13][14][15], chemical vapor deposition [16][17][18], physical vapor deposition [19][20][21], electrochemical accumulation [22][23][24], sonochemical [25], microwave [26][27][28], and organometallic complex compounds [29][30][31][32][33][34]. However, almost all of the mentioned methods require high temperature (usually more than 500) [35].…”