Application of saliva in COVID-19 diagnosis: Challenges and opportunities

Khan, Saif; Rafat, Dalia; Khan, Asad; Rahman, Syed Ziaur; Farhat, Nabeela

doi:10.3329/bjms.v20i4.54122

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One more study observed that diabetic individuals with HbA1c more significant than 10% (86 mmol/mol) had a similarly high risk of mortality in-hospital than those COVID-19 cases with an HbA 1c of 6.5-7% (48-53 mmol/mol) 55 . There is a complex two-way bond between COVID-19 and diabetes 52,57 . Firstly, diabetes is correlated with the higher possibility of developing severe COVID-19 27 .…”

Section: Covid 19 With Endocrine Pancreatic Changes and Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Flawed In COVID-19 Era

Akter

Ahmad

Haque

2021

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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The clinical practice and social relationships have been changed since the emergence of COVID-19. It is declared a global pandemic affecting millions of people across the world. SARS-CoV-2 virus while infecting human has been noted to affect several vital organs and biological systems. This can occur directly through virus-induced damage or indirectly due to the host response after virus entry, which produce a negative impact on body systems. Human endocrine system similar fatal effect. Thereafter, the knowledge and clinical expertise about the management of the endocrine pathological consequences of COVID-19 is essential in the current pandemic situation. The need of such clinical proficiency is increasing more demanding as SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is growing towards more devastating phase. The coronavirus enters the human body by using the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Other than the pneumocytes, ACE-2 is expressed by several endocrine glands like the pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid, ovary, and testes. Diabetes has a significant impact on covid 19. Diabetes Mellitus is one of the comorbidities most frequently linked to severity and mortality resulting from COVID-19 infection. Thus, careful management that includes modification of treatment may be needed to protect from the most dangerous outcomes of the virus infection or hospitalization with COVID-19, not only for patients with a known history of diabetes but also those suffering SARS-CoV-2 induced new-onset diabetes. Those suffering from obesity are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as well as to adverse effects. In order to limit the susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there needs to be adequate management of nutrition of obese and undernourished patients. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis suppression, adrenal insufficiency, thyroid dysfunction, hypocalcemia, vitamin D lack, and vertebral fractures have also been reported as frequent findings in COVID-19 infected individuals who needed to be hospitalized and often associated with fatal clinical outcomes. Prompt glucocorticoid adjustment is also required in patients with COVID-19 having adrenal insufficiency. Addressing hormonal status may limit further treatment burden for a COVID-19 infected patient. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.49-64

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Section: Covid 19 With Endocrine Pancreatic Changes and Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Flawed In COVID-19 Era

Akter

Ahmad

Haque

2021

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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“…This gives advantage over NPS which is sometimes painful and requires staff and logistics for its collections. 9,10,11 Additionally, we need to optimize all our health care resources to tackle the upcoming third and subsequent COVID waves. The COVID appropriate behavior should be deeply ingrained in every stakeholder without an iota of complacency.…”

Section: Anticipated Third Wave In Aligarh and Major Steps Takenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic COVID-19 Second Wave in Aligarh: Lessons learnt

Rahman

Khan

Shujauddin

2021

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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The second wave of COVID-19 in India showed its devastated effect mainly in April-May 2021 and crumbled the whole health care infrastructure. Demand for medical oxygen was higher during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to the first spell. Three states viz Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi were more severely affected. Aligarh, a small district of around 1.8 million population lies in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). The district is famous as ‘Oxford of the East’ due to large number of intellectuals and teachers living and working at Aligarh Muslim University, was obviously not left unsaved in this second wave. The present paper discussed the catastrophic effect of COVID-19 second wave in Aligarh, the possible reasons behind it, preparation for the anticipated third wave and lessons learnt from the past experience. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.140-143

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“…Virus entry inside the cell is facilitated by interaction of viral protein with a receptor in the host. In SARS-CoV-2, interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and the host ACE-2 (Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2) protein facilitates virus entry and results in acute respiratory distress syndrome which could lead to multi-organ failure [11]. Despite the fact that non-pharmaceutical therapies and immunizations are utilized to minimize illness spread and severity, the disease is spreading globally [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for repurposing FDA-approved medications as Omicron spike/ACE-2 protein complex disruptors

Chandrasekaran¹,

Pavadai²,

Panneerselvam³

et al. 2023

jrp

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The interaction of viruses with the host cell surface proteins is a critical step in disease pathogenesis. The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE-2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein, which is similar to the ligand-receptor binding, initiates viral attachment, facilitates cellular viral entry, and subsequent replication in the human body leading to potentially fatal illnesses such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure. The Omicron variant, known as B.1.1.529, is a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, contains thirty distinct mutations, fifteen of which occur in the spike protein. With the high number of mutations in the spike protein, it is more likely to increase transmissibility and increase the ability to cause a severe form of the disease. The variant is believed to affect even the vaccinated individuals. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for more suitable pharmacotherapy to treat this infection. In this view, the study was aimed to screen the existing FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved drugs as a potential protein-protein complex disruptor against Omicron spike/ACE-2 protein complex through virtual screening using molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Initially, 2137 small molecules were selected from the FDAapproved drugs database and virtually screened against Omicron spike/ACE-2 complex. Based on higher docking score, interactions with 'hotspot' residues, and binding free energies three drugs namely Floctafenine, Metaraminol and Vilanterol were selected for further molecular dynamics analysis to predict the stability of the complex. Floctafenine complex showed a higher RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) value than Omicron spike/ACE-2 protein complex and it reduces the hydrogen bonding interactions between the complex proteins. Floctafenine will play as PPI (proteinprotein interaction) disruptor for virus attachment/cellular entry and act as an initial demonstration for the repurposing of existing small molecules for alternative and cost-effective antiviral therapy for the treatment of disease caused by of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

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Application of saliva in COVID-19 diagnosis: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract: not available Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.697-699

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Endocrine Flawed In COVID-19 Era

Endocrine Flawed In COVID-19 Era

Catastrophic COVID-19 Second Wave in Aligarh: Lessons learnt

Prospects for repurposing FDA-approved medications as Omicron spike/ACE-2 protein complex disruptors

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