Application of Semiochemicals in Integrated Pest Management Programs

Bjostad, L. B.; Hibbard, Bruce E.; Cranshaw, Whitney

doi:10.1021/bk-1993-0524.ch014

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…Protection of corn roots has relied primarily upon soil insecticides (Suguiyama and Carlson, 1985), but the need for an alternative management strategy has been expressed because of concerns for resistance, the environment, and the potential for extended diapause (Stoewen, 1989). In response to this need, semiochemicals have been included as part of integrated pest management programs (Bjostad et al, 1993), and the goal of developing more convenient formulations with an increased range of activity has inspired researchers to consider synthetic analogs of semiochemicals (Briggs et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichloromethane attracts diabroticite larvae in a laboratory behavioral bioassay

Jewett

Bjostad

1996

J Chem Ecol

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A two-choice laboratory behavioral bioassay was used to demonstrate that dichloromethane elicits the dose-dependent attraction of secondinstar western and southern corn rootworms. Preliminary data suggest that second-instar banded cucumber beetles are also attracted to dichloromethane. An eluotropic series of 10 materials, including distilled water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl dichloroacetate, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, benzene, hexadecane, and hexane, was tested for attraction of western corn rootworm larvae. Dichloromethane was the only one attractive at all doses tested, and orthogonal comparisons revealed a quadratic trend (convex) for responses of larvae to increasing dose. Benzene and hexadecane also attracted larvae, but significantly fewer than dichloromethane, and only at three doses and one dose, respectively. Orthogonal comparisons revealed no linear or quadratic trend for responses of larvae to increasing doses of either compound. Dichloromethane is the first organic compound demonstrated to attract western corn rootworm larvae in the absence of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide has previously been reported to attract western corn rootworm larvae either independently or when combined with other organic compounds, and the sensitivity of our bioassay was tested by demonstrating the dose-dependent attraction of western corn rootworm larvae to carbonated water as a carbon dioxide source. We have also demonstrated the attraction of southern corn rootworm larvae to carbon dioxide and propose that carbon dioxide and dichloromethane behave analogously when they interact with chemoreceptor sites on larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichloromethane attracts diabroticite larvae in a laboratory behavioral bioassay

Jewett

Bjostad

1996

J Chem Ecol

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“…Behavioral approaches to the management of insect pests, as reviewed in Bjostad et al. (1993), Foster & Harris (1997), Cardé & Minks (1997), Hardie & Minks (1999), and Vincent et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An index for assigning distances between odor‐baited spheres on perimeter trees of orchards for control of apple maggot flies

Prokopy

Jácome

Bigurra

2005

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Previously, the distances between odor-baited spheres deployed on perimeter trees of apple orchards for behavioral control of apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), have been assigned largely arbitrarily. Here, we report a new approach for assigning distances that employs an index incorporating the state of four environmental variables: the size of orchard trees, quality of pruning, cultivar composition, and nature of bordering habitat. The deployment of odorbaited spheres on the perimeters of 12 plots of apple trees (each ∼ 0.4 ha) in commercial orchards in 2003 resulted in an apple maggot control which was no different from that achieved by insecticide sprays in adjacent plots in 2003, and no different from that achieved by an arbitrary assignment of distances between odor-baited spheres on perimeter trees in these same plots in 2001 and 2002. However, only 61-67% of spheres were used under the new index approach compared with the previous arbitrary approach, thereby substantially reducing the cost of behavioral control. Our findings are discussed in relation to use of the index for blocks of trees which are large in size and pruned poorly vs. small in size and pruned well, and in relation to the cost-competitiveness of odor-baited perimeter spheres vs. insecticidal sprays for the control of apple maggots.

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Control Measures AgainstRhynchophorus ferrugineusandPaysandisia archon

Miret

Riolo

Audsley

et al. 2017

Handbook of Major Palm Pests

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BACKGROUND:The optimisation of the lure is essential for the implementation of trapping systems to control insect pests. In this work, the response of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, to increasing emission rates of its aggregation pheromone (ferrugineol) and the efficacy of a convenient synthetic kairomone based on fermentation odours (ethyl acetate and ethanol) have been evaluated in different years and locations along the Mediterranean basin. RESULTS:In general, although capture data and emission had noticeable variability among locations, significantly fewer RPW were captured in pyramidal Picusan ® traps with the lowest ferrugineol emission rates tested (0.6-3.8 mg day −1 ). Captures increased rapidly with ferrugineol emission up to 4-5 mg day −1 ; then, higher emission rates did not improve or reduce captures, up to the highest emission rate tested of 50.9 mg day −1 . Thus, there is no evidence of an optimum release rate corresponding to a maximum of RPW catches. Traps baited with the synthetic kairomone (1:3 ethyl acetate/ethanol) captured 1.4-2.2 times more total weevils than traps baited only with ferrugineol. Moreover, in most of the locations, the synthetic blend was at least as effective as the local coattractants used (plant material + molasses).CONCLUSIONS: Ferrugineol emission rate can vary in a wide range without significantly affecting RPW response. Coattractants based on fermenting compounds, ethyl acetate and ethanol, are able to improve the attractant level of ferrugineol and could be employed to replace non-standardised natural kairomones in RPW trapping systems after further optimisation of their proportions and doses.

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Application of Semiochemicals in Integrated Pest Management Programs

Cited by 6 publications

References 154 publications

Dichloromethane attracts diabroticite larvae in a laboratory behavioral bioassay

Dichloromethane attracts diabroticite larvae in a laboratory behavioral bioassay

An index for assigning distances between odor‐baited spheres on perimeter trees of orchards for control of apple maggot flies

Control Measures AgainstRhynchophorus ferrugineusandPaysandisia archon

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