Application of shot peening to case-hardened steel gears: the effect of gradient material properties and component geometry

Astaraee, Asghar Heydari; Bagherifard, Sara; Bradanini, Andrea; Duó, P.; Henze, Steffen; Taylor, B. J.; Guagliano, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126084

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…They are applied in this study for describing the evolution of surface topography in a dataset under mechanical surface treatment, Table 1 . Inputs are generated based on experimentally validated code 25 , 28 . In our analysis, we found that persistent methods (Table 3 ) are outperforming standard roughness parameters (Table 2 ) in the task we considered even if we limit ourselves to 0D persistent parameters like entropy and BC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shot peened surfaces are generated by FE 28 and postprocessed for obtaining the roughness surface, defined by ISO 25178. We calculate surface roughness parameters from the roughness surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each sample is a surface representation obtained under the shot peening treatment; Armco pure iron, sample volume 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.0 mm 3 . The FE model has been published and experimentally validated in 28 for carburizing steel. It has been applied in 25 for Armco pure iron.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending conventional surface roughness ISO parameters using topological data analysis for shot peened surfaces

Senge

Astaraee

Dłotko

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The roughness of material surfaces is of greatest relevance for applications. These include wear, friction, fatigue, cytocompatibility, or corrosion resistance. Today’s descriptors of the International Organization for Standardization show varying performance in discriminating surface roughness patterns. We introduce here a set of surface parameters which are extracted from the appropriate persistence diagram with enhanced discrimination power. Using the finite element method implemented in Abaqus Explicit 2019, we modelled American Rolling Mill Company pure iron specimens (volume 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.0 mm3) exposed to a shot peening procedure. Surface roughness evaluation after each shot impact and single indents were controlled numerically. Conventional and persistence-based evaluation is implemented in Python code and available as open access supplement. Topological techniques prove helpful in the comparison of different shot peened surface samples. Conventional surface area roughness parameters might struggle in distinguishing different shot peening surface topographies, in particular for coverage values > 69%. Above that range, the calculation of conventional parameters leads to overlapping descriptor values. In contrast, lifetime entropy of persistence diagrams and Betti curves provide novel, discriminative one-dimensional descriptors at all coverage ranges. We compare how conventional parameters and persistence parameters describe surface roughness. Conventional parameters are outperformed. These results highlight how topological techniques might be a promising extension of surface roughness methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending conventional surface roughness ISO parameters using topological data analysis for shot peened surfaces

Senge

Astaraee

Dłotko

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…A further relevant investigation is that of Astaraee et al, [ 14 ] who examined the effect of shot peening a case‐hardened layer. This work was partly a follow‐up to that of Moussa et al and they also used inverse FEM to infer the stress–strain relationship (captured in a 2‐parameter constitutive law) at a given depth, with the target outcome again being measured load–displacement plots obtained during indentation with a very large (10 mm diameter) cermet sphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profilometry‐Based Indentation Plastometry Testing for Characterization of Case‐Hardened Steels

Ooi¹,

Reiff-Musgrove²,

Gaiser-Porter

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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An attraction of the profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) procedure is that, while it involves interrogation of volumes sufficiently large to ensure that bulk properties are obtained, it still allows stress–strain curves to be inferred for relatively small regions, such that local properties can be mapped where they are changing over short distances. It is employed here to obtain these characteristics as a function of depth in samples that have been case hardened by the diffusional penetration of carbon, to a depth of just over a mm. This has been done for a grade of steel that is commonly treated in this way. The thickness of the layer characterized by the PIP test is around 200 μm. In addition, curvature measurements on strip samples, after incremental removal of thin layers, have been used to evaluate the (compressive) residual stresses in near‐surface regions. These range up to around 200 MPa. Such stresses have only a small effect on the PIP measurements. The carburization raises the peak yield stress from the base level of around 1000 MPa to about 1400 MPa, followed by considerable work hardening. The reliability of these PIP‐derived stress–strain relationships has been confirmed by comparing experimental outcomes of Vickers hardness tests with FEM predictions based on their use.

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“…Shot peening is a mechanical surface treatment, which has been rigorously studied, researched, and improved in the last couple of decades for a wide range of applications in different fields ranging from automotive to aeronautical and bio-medical sectors. It is mainly used for enhancing fatigue performance of metallic parts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27], surface nanocrystallization [28][29][30], bio-functionalization [31][32][33], modulating wear and corrosion resistance [34][35][36], and surface texturing [37][38][39]. All the properties mentioned above are highly interrelated with the surface features of the shot-peened material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Homogeneity of Surface Features Induced by Impact-Based Surface Treatments

et al. 2021

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Impact surface treatments are well-known for their efficiency in enhancing the mechanical properties of metallic materials, especially under cyclic loadings. These processes, which encompass a wide range of surface treatments based on repetitive impacts of tools of various types, induce surface plastic deformation, compressive residual stresses, and grain refinement alter the surface roughness as a side effect. Thus, it is essential to have suitable indexes to quantify the surface features caused by the typically random nature of these treatments. Herein, we evaluated the rationality of using standard roughness parameters for describing the morphological characteristics of surfaces treated by shot peening as a representative and widely used treatment of the category. A detailed numerical model of the peening process was developed. The output data were elaborated to extract the surface roughness parameters following the standard procedures. The results revealed the validity of the surface roughness parameters to describe the topography of material treated with adequate surface coverage, also highlighting the necessity to use a set of parameters rather than the common practice of relying on single parameters. Not considering a comprehensive set of amplitude and spacing parameters can result in significant, inconsistent, and misleading results while comparing the performance of surfaces.

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Application of shot peening to case-hardened steel gears: the effect of gradient material properties and component geometry

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

Extending conventional surface roughness ISO parameters using topological data analysis for shot peened surfaces

Extending conventional surface roughness ISO parameters using topological data analysis for shot peened surfaces

Profilometry‐Based Indentation Plastometry Testing for Characterization of Case‐Hardened Steels

Evaluating the Homogeneity of Surface Features Induced by Impact-Based Surface Treatments

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