“…Ferrofluids, also known as ferromagnetic fluids, are an innovative class of nanofluids which comprises magnetic nanoparticles suspended into the base fluids like water, EG, and oil [1]. For the past decades, a lot of research has been done on these fluids which revealed that the ferrofluids are beneficial for heat transfer applications, i.e., oil recovery [2], heat exchanger [3], power generation [4], electronics cooling [5], and solar systems [6] because of their unique chemical, thermal, physical, mechanical, and magnetic properties [1]. These ferromagnetic nanomaterials embody maghemite (Fe 2 O 3 or γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), and ferrites composed of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), barium (Ba), lithium (Li), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) [7].…”