Application of stable carbon isotope analysis to the detection of 17β-estradiol administration to cattle

Buisson, Corinne; Hebestreit, Moritz; Weigert, Angelika Preiss; Heinrich, Katharina; Fry, Hildburg; Flenker, Ulrich; Banneke, Stefanie; Prévost, Stéphanie; André, François; Schaenzer, Wilhelm; Houghton, E.; Bizec, Bruno Le

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.042

Cited by 60 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…-A definitive measure of abuse since the relevant steroid esters are not know to exist endogenously -May require an additional or at least modified sample preparation scheme as steroid esters are typically very non-polar. GC-C-IRMS (urine, tissue) [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] -A definitive measure of abuse if an endogenous reference compounds is used.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the precise value will depend on the type of diet fed to the animal. [62] The d 13 C values of the steroid or metabolite being measured is usually referenced to an endogenous reference compound (ERC) such as DHEA that is not affected by exogenous steroid administration. [63] This is to ensure that the endogenous make up of the animal has not been affected in some way (i.e.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography-combustion-isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to testosterone, it has been shown that detection of oestradiol abuse in the bovine is possible via monitoring the d 13 C value of the urinary oestradiol metabolite epioestradiol (17a-oestradiol) relative to DHEA. [62] GC-C-IRMS has also been used to analyze porcine nandrolone and 19-norandrostenedione concentrations in testicles, liver, and kidney, although post-administration samples were not included. [66] The laborious nature of the sample-preparation technique currently makes the technique unsuitable for use as a screening tool, but it has already found use as a confirmatory approach for proving testosterone abuse in human sports.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A review of analytical strategies for the detection of ‘endogenous’ steroid abuse in food production

Scarth¹,

Kay

Teale³

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Detection of the abuse of synthetic steroids in food production is nowadays relatively straightforward using modern techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS, respectively). However, proving the abuse of 'endogenous' (or naturally occurring) steroids is more difficult. Despite these difficulties, significant progress in this area has recently been made and a number of methods are now available.The aim of the current review was to systematically review the available analytical approaches, which include threshold concentrations, qualitative 'marker' metabolites, intact steroid esters, gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS), longitudinal testing and 'omics' biomarker profiling. The advantages/disadvantages of these methods are considered in detail, but the choice of which to adopt is dictated by a number of practical, political, and economic factors, which vary in different parts of the world. These include the steroid/species combination requiring analysis, the matrix tested, whether samples are collected from live or slaughtered animals, available analytical instrumentation, sample throughput/cost, and the relevant legal/regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, these approaches could be combined in a range of different parallel and/or sequential screening/confirmatory testing streams, with the final choice being determined by the aforementioned considerations.Despite these advances, more work is required to refine the different techniques and to respond to the ever increasing list of compounds classified as 'endogenous'. At this advanced stage, however, it is now more important than ever for scientists and regulators from across the world to communicate and collaborate in order to harmonize and streamline research efforts.

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Section: Discussion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Chromatography-combustion-isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A review of analytical strategies for the detection of ‘endogenous’ steroid abuse in food production

Scarth¹,

Kay

Teale³

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…The administration of natural hormones to cattle will lead to an alteration of the 13 C/ 12 C ratio of these compounds and their metabolites, whereas the isotopic composition remains constant for their precursors. This methodology has been applied successfully in urine to trace the administration of testosterone and estradiol esters in cattle (Buisson et al, 2005;Hebestreit et al, 2006). However, no thresholds of reference for these changes in the 13C/12C ratios of steroid hormones have been established yet, since their variations depend largely on the diet of the animal and also other factors such as age, sex or breed (Cawley et al, 2009;Ferchaud et al, 2000).…”

Section: C/ 12 C Isotopic Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Hormones in Food-Producing Animals:Legal Measurements and Analytical Implications

Regal¹,

Cepeda²,

Fente³

2012

Food Production - Approaches, Challenges and Tasks

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“…Amongst the EEs, 17␤-estradiol (17␤-E 2 ) is quite important, and has been widely used in environment and foods owing to its potent curative effects [3,4]. However, the illegal addition and abuse of 17␤-E 2 leads to its accumulation in body through food chains, and then causes series toxic side effects, such as damaging treatment processes, such as solid phase extraction (SPE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of photonic-magnetic responsive molecularly imprinted microspheres and their application to fast and selective extraction of 17β-estradiol

Peng

Luo

Xiong

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tPhotonic-magnetic responsive molecularly imprinted microspheres (PM-MIMs) were prepared by seed polymerization, through suitable functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles for further coating with photoresponsive functional monomer and imprinted layers, and then were successfully applied to the fast and selective extraction of 17␤-estradiol (17␤-E 2 ) from real samples. The PM-MIMs possessed a sandwich micro-spherical structure containing Fe 3 O 4 core, SiO 2 middle layer, and MIPs shell with thickness of 25 nm. The PM-MIMs displayed excellent photoresponsive properties and could be rapidly separated from solutions under an external magnet. The PM-MIMs had specific affinity towards 17␤-E 2 with high adsorption capacity (Q max = 0.84 mg g −1 ) and fast binding kinetics (K d = 26.08 mg L −1 ). The PM-MIMs proved to be an ideal photoswitch with the ability of reversible uptake and release of 17␤-E 2 upon alternate 365 and 440 nm irradiation: 45.0% of 17␤-E 2 released from the PM-MIMs upon 365 nm irradiation, and 94.0% of the released 17␤-E 2 was rebound to the PM-MIMs at 440 nm. Accordingly, the PM-MIMs were applied for fast separation and extraction of 17␤-E 2 followed by HPLC-UV determination, presenting the low limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) of 0.18 and 0.62 mol L −1 , respectively. The high recoveries for spiked milk powder and drinking water samples were in the range of 97.5-113.0% with relative standard deviations less than 4.4%. This study reasonably combined photonic response, magnetic separation and surface imprinting, which endowed the PM-MIMs with significant advantages of high adsorption capacity and fast binding kinetics, convenient separation and recycled use, and simple rapid eco-benign adsorption/elution processes for template molecules. Thus, the PM-MIMs based method may be a simple, rapid, convenient, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way for simultaneous separation, enrichment and detection of trace 17␤-E 2 in complicated matrices.

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Application of stable carbon isotope analysis to the detection of 17β-estradiol administration to cattle

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

A review of analytical strategies for the detection of ‘endogenous’ steroid abuse in food production

A review of analytical strategies for the detection of ‘endogenous’ steroid abuse in food production

Natural Hormones in Food-Producing Animals:Legal Measurements and Analytical Implications

Preparation of photonic-magnetic responsive molecularly imprinted microspheres and their application to fast and selective extraction of 17β-estradiol

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