Application of standard and custom quartz tuning forks for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensing

Lin, Haoyang; Liu, Yihua; Lin, Leqing; Zhou, Xu; Zhong, Yi; Giglio, Marilena; Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Tittel, Frank K.; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Zheng, Hongfei

doi:10.1080/05704928.2022.2070917

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The series-resonant frequency

of the QTF is:

whereas its quality factor

which are typical values for a standard QTF used in QEPAS sensors [ 2 , 16 , 17 , 26 ]. Moreover, the gain of the non-inverting configuration is A v = 48 and the parallel-resonant frequency of the QTF is f P = ω P /2π = 32,781 Hz.…”

Section: Signal Response Of a Quartz Tuning Fork Read Out In Voltage ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a well-known technique used for the detection of specific trace gases in complex mixtures [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The high performances in terms of selectivity and sensitivity allow for the exploitation of this technique in a wide range of applications, such as environmental monitoring [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], chemical analysis [ 11 , 12 ], and advanced biomedical diagnostics [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high performances in terms of selectivity and sensitivity allow for the exploitation of this technique in a wide range of applications, such as environmental monitoring [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], chemical analysis [ 11 , 12 ], and advanced biomedical diagnostics [ 13 , 14 ]. In QEPAS, acoustic waves are generated between the prongs of a quartz tuning fork (QTF) by the absorption of modulated light from the gas molecules, via non-radiative relaxation processes [ 2 , 15 ]. QTFs are employed as piezoelectric sensitive elements to transduce pressure waves in an electric signal [ 2 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In QEPAS, acoustic waves are generated between the prongs of a quartz tuning fork (QTF) by the absorption of modulated light from the gas molecules, via non-radiative relaxation processes [ 2 , 15 ]. QTFs are employed as piezoelectric sensitive elements to transduce pressure waves in an electric signal [ 2 , 6 ]. This technique was firstly introduced in 2002 and exploited standard QTFs resonating at 32 kHz [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QEPAS requires synchronous detection techniques based on lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) to efficiently extract the useful signal component from the noise floor [ 2 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In LIAs, the amplifier signal is first multiplied with both a sinewave and a 90° phase-shifted copy of that sinewave at a selected operating frequency (f op ); then, a low-pass filter (LPF) is used to retrieve the signal component at f op or its multiples [ 22 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications

et al. 2023

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Quartz tuning forks (QTFs) are employed as sensitive elements for gas sensing applications implementing quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. Therefore, proper design of the QTF read-out electronics is required to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and in turn, the minimum detection limit of the gas concentration. In this work, we present a theoretical study of the SNR trend in a voltage-mode read-out of QTFs, mainly focusing on the effects of (i) the noise contributions of both the QTF-equivalent resistor and the input bias resistor RL of the preamplifier, (ii) the operating frequency, and (iii) the bandwidth (BW) of the lock-in amplifier low-pass filter. A MATLAB model for the main noise contributions was retrieved and then validated by means of SPICE simulations. When the bandwidth of the lock-in filter is sufficiently narrow (BW = 0.5 Hz), the SNR values do not strongly depend on both the operating frequency and RL values. On the other hand, when a wider low-pass filter bandwidth is employed (BW = 5 Hz), a sharp SNR peak close to the QTF parallel-resonant frequency is found for large values of RL (RL > 2 MΩ), whereas for small values of RL (RL < 2 MΩ), the SNR exhibits a peak around the QTF series-resonant frequency.

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“…The series-resonant frequency

of the QTF is:

whereas its quality factor

Section: Signal Response Of a Quartz Tuning Fork Read Out In Voltage ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications

et al. 2023

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Ppb‐level CO₂ sensor based on a miniature multipass cell with eight‐petaled spot pattern

Wang,

Lin,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This paper presents an innovative carbon dioxide sensor leveraging a dense‐pattern multipass absorption cell. This novel design dramatically compacts an extensive optical path of approximately 11.4 m into a 70 mm inter‐mirror distance, effectively enhancing the system's sensitivity and reducing its size. Utilizing a 2004 nm diode laser, the sensor accurately targets a potent CO2 absorption line at 4989.9 cm−1. Experimental validation reveals remarkable linearity (R² = .999) and a detection limit of 59 ppb with 1 s integration time. The incorporation of Kalman filtering techniques further refines the sensor's performance, reducing the detection limit to 30 ppb—a substantial improvement of 49%. This advancement in sensor technology marks a significant step forward in efficient and precise CO2 monitoring.

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Microfiber knot resonator augmented quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

Xie,

Lv,

et al. 2024

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Application of standard and custom quartz tuning forks for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensing

Cited by 15 publications

References 107 publications

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications

Ppb‐level CO₂ sensor based on a miniature multipass cell with eight‐petaled spot pattern

Microfiber knot resonator augmented quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

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Application of standard and custom quartz tuning forks for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensing

Cited by 15 publications

References 107 publications

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis for the Voltage-Mode Read-Out of Quartz Tuning Forks in QEPAS Applications

Ppb‐level CO2 sensor based on a miniature multipass cell with eight‐petaled spot pattern

Microfiber knot resonator augmented quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ppb‐level CO₂ sensor based on a miniature multipass cell with eight‐petaled spot pattern