“…24 Fresh or dried biomass displays benecial, value-added compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, carbohydrates, polyphenols, proteins, and lipids, with applications transiting various industries, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, bre products, fuels, food packaging, and feed. [25][26][27][28] For instance, cellulose-derived sugars have emerged as critical feedstocks, facilitating a wide range of chemical reactions and enabling the substitution of petrochemicals with diverse chemicals beyond the scope of biofuels. 29 Notably, secondary metabolites found in such biomass are known for their multifaceted properties, encompassing antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive and antiproliferative properties.…”