Application of Supercritical Fluid Technologies in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries (Review)

Makaryan, I. A.; Kostin, A.; Седов, И. В.

doi:10.1134/s0965544120030135

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The density and viscosity of jet fuel RP-3 at super-critical pressures were found to vary signicantly from the estimated density and viscosity at sub-critical pressures. 37,38 These conditions make it particularly interesting in heterogeneous catalysis, 39 as heat and mass transfer are enhanced 40 and these advantages are used in many industrial areas. The physical properties of liquid, gas and supercritical state uids are shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Super-critical State Of Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothermic catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons for thermal management of high-speed flight vehicles

Hubesch

Mazur

Selvakannan

et al. 2022

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: Super-critical State Of Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothermic catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons for thermal management of high-speed flight vehicles

Hubesch

Mazur

Selvakannan

et al. 2022

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…It is noteworthy that the reaction of TL hydrogenation to DLs usually prevails over TL degradation reactions [5,10,11]. Hydrogenation of NL is well studied in gas-phase and liquid-phase processes [5,6,9,[12][13][14].A few studies have reported data on the hydrogenation of aromatics in SC CO2 [15,16]but, to date, there are no reports on TL catalytic synthesis in SC solvent (i.e., hexane) conditions. The best catalytic systems of NL hydrogenation are based on nanoparticles (NPs) of platinum, palladium, nickel and their combinations with other metals supported on coal, alumina, zinc oxide, and zeolites [6,[9][10][11]14,[16][17][18][19][20][21] allowing integral selectivity with respect to TL in the range of 94-99% at high NL conversions, or transforming TL to DLs under more stringent conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach to Synthesis of Tetralin via Naphthalene Hydrogenation in Supercritical Conditions Using Polymer-Stabilized Pt Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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Supercritical (SC) fluid technologies are well-established methods in modern green chemical synthesis. Using SC fluids as solvents instead of traditional liquids gives benefits of higher diffusivity and lower viscosity, which allows mass transfer intensification and, thus, an increased production rate of chemical transformations. Therefore, a conjugation of heterogeneous catalysis with SC media is a large step toward a green chemistry. Tetralin (TL) is an important hydrogen donor solvent used for biomass liquefaction. In industry, TL is obtained via catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene (NL). Herein, for the first time we have demonstrated the NL hydrogenation with close to 100% selectivity to TL at almost full conversion in the SC hexane. The observed transformation rates in SC hexane were much higher allowing process intensification. The downstream processes can be also facilitated since hexane after depressurisation can be easily separated from the reaction products via simple rectification. The TL synthesis was studied in a batch reactor at variation of reaction temperature and overall pressure. For the first time for this process, low Pt-loaded (1 wt.%) nanoparticles stabilized within hyper-cross-linked aromatic polymer (HAP) were applied. The Pt/HAP catalyst was stable under reaction conditions (250 °C, 6 MPa) allowing its recovery and reuse.

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“…Their use in the flow mode allows removal of the formed compounds from the reaction zone, thereby reducing the effect of secondary reactions on their composition and structure. The results of studies where SCS are considered in terms of their possible use in the processing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock have been summarized in reviews. − A comparative analysis shows that the most effective solvent for the destruction of high-molecular-weight structures is supercritical water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Products of Thermal Decomposition of Heavy Oil Asphaltenes under Supercritical Conditions

et al. 2020

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This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the composition of asphaltenes of two heavy oils and liquid products of their conversion in a supercritical hexane (SCH) stream. Using elemental analysis, cryoscopy in benzene, infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, structural group analysis and chromatography, and mass spectrometry, the secondary asphaltenes, the resulted resins and oils, and concentrations of high-molecular-weight nitrogen bases isolated from maltene fractions of thermolysates are characterized. It is shown that the molecular mass of secondary asphaltenes increases as a result of SCH conversion, while the molecular mass of resins decreases, compared to the initial samples. This is due to an increase in the number of structural blocks in mean molecules of secondary asphaltenes and a decrease in their number in mean resin molecules. In both cases, the structural blocks become more compact, because of the decrease in the total number of rings, mainly naphthenic. The structural fragments of the molecules of asphaltenes of both oils are normal alkanes, alkenes, alkyl-substituted monocyclic, tetracyclic, and pentacyclic naphthenes, which are similar in the molecular mass distribution, including unsaturated, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, and hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, naphthobenzothiophenes, and carbazoles. Some of these compounds can be bound in asphaltene molecules via methylene, ether, and sulfide bridges. Among the nitrogen bases of asphaltenes, C 11 −C 15 alkylquinolines, C 15 −C 17 benzoquinolines, C 18 dibenzoquinolines, and C 16 H 33 NO, C 18 H 35 NO, C 18 H 37 NO aliphatic amides are identified. Their presence in the composition of asphaltene structures is most likely associated with the participation of high-molecular-weight nitrogen bases in intermolecular interactions, which are due to the structural similarity of their molecules with asphaltene molecules.

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Application of Supercritical Fluid Technologies in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries (Review)

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Endothermic catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons for thermal management of high-speed flight vehicles

Endothermic catalytic cracking of liquid hydrocarbons for thermal management of high-speed flight vehicles

New Approach to Synthesis of Tetralin via Naphthalene Hydrogenation in Supercritical Conditions Using Polymer-Stabilized Pt Nanoparticles

Characteristics of Products of Thermal Decomposition of Heavy Oil Asphaltenes under Supercritical Conditions

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