Application of supergrouping to enhance 3D prestack seismic data from a desert environment

Abstract

Fit-for-purpose enhancement remains a critical task for processing land seismic data, especially with the increasing popularity of high-channel-count and single-sensor data. We describe here a flexible scheme called smart supergrouping that performs summation of traces from neighboring shots and receivers. Supergrouping enhances desired reflection signals while suppressing ground roll and other noise. It also delivers prestack data of significantly high quality, critical for deriving velocities, deconvolution operators, scalars, and statics, as well as for improved imaging. While similar in concept to field source/receiver array forming, supergrouping may be applied to data already acquired with field arrays. Unlike field arrays, supergrouped data have kinematic corrections applied with overlapping apertures. We also have the ability to compensate for intra-array statics and wavelet variations. We demonstrate the signal-enhancing abilities of such generalized supergroups with normal-moveout corrections on challenging land and ocean-bottom-cable seismic data from Saudi Arabia. Applications of supergrouped data cover various steps of land seismic processing from first-break picking to deconvolution to statics to full-waveform inversion and imaging.

Interactive Multimedia Data Coscattering Point Imaging for Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio 3D Seismic Data Processing

“…Bakulin et al proposed a wavefront method for interpreting seismic refraction waves, i.e., using Huygens' principle to reconstruct the wavefront field based on the recorded first-to-wave travel time at two gun sites, and then calculate the depth of the refraction layer based on the velocity above the refraction layer, but when the stratigraphy changes drastically, the circular wavefront theory does not match the actual situation and cannot be applied to this geological condition [9]. Shiraishi et al proposed the delay time method to identify the refraction layer by calculating the relationship between the reciprocal time and the intercept time, but this method is limited in the imaging effect in subsurface formations with large dip angles and multiple media layers [10].…”

Efficient prestack enhancement based on local stacking: finding optimal domain for modern 3D land-seismic data

“…We apply two different enhancement approaches in the cross-spread domain and use the same stacking aperture. Supergrouping performs summation along global NMO surfaces (Bakulin et al, 2018) and naturally gives a more hyperbolic appearance (Figure 8b). In contrast, nonlinear beamforming estimates local summation surfaces from the data itself (Bakulin et al, 2017) and gives a less hyperbolic appearance (Figure 8c) that could be expected if some statics and waveform variations are still to be corrected for during early processing stages.…”