Background
Telehealth technology has become more available to providers as a means of
treating chronic diseases. Consideration of the applicability of telehealth technology
in the treatment of schizophrenia calls for a review of the evidence base in light of
the special needs and challenges in the treatment of this population. Our aims are to
assess the types and nature of distant interventions for patients with schizophrenia,
either telephone-based, internet-based or video-based telehealth systems.
Methods
The following databases—MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane
Library, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of
Reviews of Effects, and EMBASE— were searched for the following terms alone or
in combination with schizophrenia: telepsychiatry or telemedicine or telepsychology or
satellite communication or remote communication. Inclusion criteria were: 1) articles
dealing with telephone-, internet- or video-based interventions and 2) studies
emphasizing development of an intervention, feasibility or clinical trials. Exclusions
included were: 1) single case reports and 2) papers not written in English. With our
search terms, we retrieved a total of 390 articles, of which 18 unique articles were
relevant.
Results
Based on the limited data available, the use of modalities involving the
telephone, internet and videoconferencing appears to be feasible in patients with
schizophrenia. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests these modalities appear to
improve patient outcomes.
Discussion
More research is needed. Investigators need to improve existing telehealth
systems. In addition, researchers need to focus on developing newer interventions and
determining whether these approaches can improve patient outcomes.