The advancements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal
drilling
techniques have substantially facilitated the large-scale extraction
of natural gas from shale gas reservoirs. However, the use of fracking
water poses several potential drawbacks including the contamination
of groundwater, surface water, and soil, as well as risks to air quality.
Due to the unique physical properties of supercritical CO2, shale gas exploitation using this method has been considered a
promising technology that can not only improve gas recovery but can
also enable CO2 geological storage. This paper clarifies
the gas adsorption mechanism in shale formations, including the factors
influencing the adsorption of CH4, the differences between
CH4 and CO2 adsorption, and various adsorption
models. We show that shale inherently exhibits a preference for CO2 adsorption over CH4. Then, the supercritical CO2 fracturing mechanism, including the shale fracking pressure
and the factors influencing CO2 fracturing, is analyzed.
The mechanisms of CO2 extraction in shale gas and the key
factors influencing CO2 geological storage are discussed.
The main challenges and future prospects regarding the use of supercritical
CO2 for shale gas recovery and geological sequestration
in gas shale reservoirs are finally summarized. A more detailed understanding
is required to evaluate the efficiency of shale gas recovery and CO2 geological sequestration in shale formations using supercritical
CO2. This work provides a basis and serves as a reference
for future research investigating the mechanisms of shale gas exploitation
using supercritical CO2, as well as the limitations and
advantages of CO2 geological sequestration in unconventional
shale gas reservoirs.