Application of the acoustic resonance method to evaluate the grain size of low carbon steels

Ahn, Byung Hoon; Lee, Seung Seok; Hong, S. T.; Kim, Ho Chul; Kang, Suk–Joong L.

doi:10.1016/s0963-8695(98)00032-2

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…2) to obtain the slope, m, which turned out to be approximately 2.03 instead of the value of 3 predicted by Eq.(3). However, this result gives a value of m close to 1.7 which was obtained by using an EMAT(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer) in plain carbon steel [8].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metals by Non-Destructive Methods

Kwun¹,

Byeon²

2006

SSP

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Microstructural parameters (kinds of phases, inter-lamellar spacing of pearlite, precipitate size, number of precipitates), mechanical properties(UTS, Vickers hardness) and non-destructive parameters(ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, electrical resistivity, magnetic coercivity, magnetic remanence, Barkhausen noise) in various metallic materials were measured in order to investigate the mutual relationship among these parameters. The optimum non-destructive parameters were selected for particular purposes in order to evaluate the level of damage to the metallic structures, to differentiate the microstructures and to predict the mechanical properties of superalloy, low and eutectoid steel and Cu alloys non-destructively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metals by Non-Destructive Methods

Kwun¹,

Byeon²

2006

SSP

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“…The ultrasonic velocity is directly related to mechanical properties, including the elastic modulus and the material density, which are influenced by microstructures such as grains, precipitates, and phase transformations [11][12][13][14][15]. The attenuation of ultrasonic waves depends on microstructural features such as grains, dislocations, inclusions, and pores based on absorption, diffraction, and scattering of ultrasonic waves by the microstructures [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In most cases, scattering by grains is the dominant attenuation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlations between grain size and linear ultrasonic parameters, including ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient, have been actively studied [12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21]. Ultrasonic velocities and scattering coefficients of plane longitudinal and shear waves in polycrystals as a function of grain size and wavenumber were theoretically explained by Hirsekorn [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Botvina et al [18] reanalyzed the published data on the correlation between the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the grain size in a number of metals and alloys involving a range of average grain sizes from 12.5 to 300 µm and derived one master curve graph showing the correlation. Non-contact techniques such as electromagnetic acoustic transducers [19] and laser ultrasonics [20] were also studied to evaluate grain size. It has been reported that the ultrasonic velocity and the attenuation coefficient are also related to the mechanical properties affected by grain size, including hardness [5,10,21], yield strength [5,15], and tensile strength [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

Choi

Ryu

Kim

et al. 2019

Metals

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Ultrasonic nondestructive techniques can be used to characterize grain size and to evaluate mechanical properties of metals more practically than conventional destructive optical metallography and tensile tests. Typical ultrasonic parameters that can be correlated with material properties include ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and nonlinear ultrasonic parameters. In this work, the abilities of these ultrasonic parameters to characterize the grain size and the mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel were evaluated and compared. Heat-treated specimens with different grain sizes were prepared and tested, where grain size ranged from approximately 40 to 300 μm. The measurements of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient were based on a pulse-echo mode, and the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter was measured based on a through-transmission mode. Grain size, elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardness were measured using conventional destructive methods, and their results were correlated with the results of ultrasonic measurements. The experimental results showed that all the measured ultrasonic parameters correlated well with the average grain size and the mechanical properties of the specimens. The nonlinear ultrasonic parameter provided better sensitivity than the ultrasonic velocity and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, which suggests that the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement would be more effective in characterizing grain size and mechanical properties than linear ultrasonic measurements.

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“…Ahn et al [13] evaluated the yield strength and grain size of low-carbon steel with ultrasound and concluded that the ultrasonic attenuation rate was directly proportional to grain size with an ultrasonic frequency of 5 MHz, the ultrasonic attenuation rate was inversely proportional to yield strength, the yield strength error of the predicted ultrasonic attenuation rate appeared to be ±50 MPa, and the yield strength error of the material predicted by the velocity of sound was too large to be suitable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Hardness of Quenched Medium Steel Using an Ultrasonic Nondestructive Method

Hsia

Chou

2015

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Developing new materials or improving their heat treatment techniques is key to industrial upgrades for increasing fastener product quality. Nowadays, high tensile strength bolts are heat-treated to achieve desired mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, toughness, and resistance to fatigue and wear. Ultrasound detection is one widely used nondestructive inspection technique. Based on the characteristics of wave transmission, the refraction, diffraction, and scattering of ultrasound wave velocity and attenuation in a material are governed by its grain boundary characteristics. In this study, C1045 middle carbon steel was heat-treated at various temperatures and then water-quenched, and the relationships among grain size, ultrasonic velocity, attenuation, and material hardness were then determined using two ultrasound sources. Our experimental results show that a smaller average grain size as well as higher hardness can be obtained from higher quenching temperatures. Faster acoustic velocities and slower attenuation coefficients are caused by higher material hardness. A scattering effect is more obvious for higher transducer frequencies. Our results demonstrate another nondestructive test that can assess the quenching process in the fastener industry.

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Application of the acoustic resonance method to evaluate the grain size of low carbon steels

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metals by Non-Destructive Methods

Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metals by Non-Destructive Methods

Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

Assessing the Hardness of Quenched Medium Steel Using an Ultrasonic Nondestructive Method

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