Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to community pharmacy: A framework for implementation research on pharmacy services

Shoemaker, Sarah J.; Curran, Geoffrey M.; Swan, Holly; Teeter, Benjamin S.; Thomas, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.06.001

Cited by 63 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Numerous frameworks exist to guide implementation strategy selection, including the PARIHS framework, Replicating Effective Programs (REP), CFIR‐ERIC Strategy Matching Tool, and Active Implementation Frameworks (AIF), among others . Shoemaker and colleagues presented the first implementation framework specifically for community pharmacist patient care services based on CFIR . Selection of a framework or theory should be made based upon the goals and scope of the implementation effort and stages of implementation the effort will span .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantity and quality of implementation research and quality improvement projects are on the rise, highlighted by a 2017 implementation science-themed issue of Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, and an implementation science primer for pharmacists authored by Livet and colleagues. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Previous work had primarily focused on service characteristics, [17][18][19] factors associated with service adoption, 13,16,20,21 barriers and facilitators of implementation, 12,22,23 pharmacy culture considerations, 24 and stakeholder perceptions of various services. 25,26 Implementation strategies, or the methods, techniques, and/or activities used to integrate a clinical intervention or patient care service into usual care systematically and purposefully, are a critical area for future scholarly work focused on community pharmacy practice.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Community pharmacist patient care services: A systematic review of approaches used for implementation and evaluation

Bacci

Bigham

Dillon‐Sumner

et al. 2019

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Background Studies have identified the positive impact of community pharmacist patient care services. Identifying the most effective implementation strategies and performing robust research are critical to sustaining evidence‐based patient care in this setting. This systematic review aimed to describe: (1) implementation strategies, and (2) dissemination and implementation (D&I) outcomes used to evaluate the implementation of patient care services in community pharmacies. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched for articles that were: (1) written in English and published in 1985 or later, (2) described a peer‐reviewed empirical study or practice experience implementing a patient care service in a community pharmacy, and (3) described the strategies used to implement and/or evaluate the implementation of the service. Two investigators reviewed the abstract, and full‐text when necessary, of each article to assess eligibility. Data were extracted from each article by two investigators using a standardized form. Implementation strategies were categorized using the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) study terminology. The D&I outcomes were classified using the Proctor and colleagues terminology. All data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results Two hundred and thirty‐seven articles were included, 223 of which described at least one implementation strategy and 224 described at least one D&I outcome. “Train and educate stakeholders” and “engage consumer” were the most common and “provide interactive assistance” and “adapt and tailor to context” were the least commonly reported implementation strategies. Reach, acceptability, and adoption were the most common and fidelity and sustainability were the least commonly evaluated D&I outcomes. Most studies used quasi‐experimental or observational designs. Conclusions This systematic review used published manuscripts to identify the breadth and depth of implementation and evaluation strategies being utilized in various community pharmacies. Findings suggest opportunities for further research and innovation via collaboration between pharmacists and implementation practitioners and researchers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Community pharmacist patient care services: A systematic review of approaches used for implementation and evaluation

Bacci

Bigham

Dillon‐Sumner

et al. 2019

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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“…CFIR has been widely used in health services research, and most recently in pharmacy practice. Use of this framework has facilitated understanding of the implementation success/failures related to interventions, such as medication synchronization, immunizations, point‐of‐care testing, and hypertension management in community pharmacy settings …”

Section: What Do I Need To Know About Implementation Science To Be Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of this framework has facilitated understanding of the implementation success/failures related to interventions, such as medication synchronization, immunizations, point-of-care testing, and hypertension management in community pharmacy settings. [46][47][48] The AIFs provide a conceptual and practical road map for implementers. 44 The AIFs arose from a synthesis of implementation articles across a variety of disciplines.…”

Section: About Implementation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation Science to Advance Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists and Other Health Professionals

et al. 2018

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Health care is experiencing increasing pressure to implement evidence-based interventions that improve quality, control costs, and maximize value. Unfortunately, many clinical services and interventions to optimize medication use do not consistently produce the intended humanistic, clinical, and economic outcomes. The lack of conclusive results is believed to stem from the widely recognized research-to-practice gap. The field of implementation science seeks to discover and apply strategies designed to accelerate successful integration of interventions into routine practice. This primer provides an overview of implementation science principles for pharmacists and other health care providers interested in accelerating practice transformation to improve health care delivery and, ultimately, patient care.

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“…This trend is not confined to Switzerland; implementation of such services in practice remains difficult worldwide [ 3 ]. Recently, new studies adapted the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to list all potential factors that can influence the implementation of new services in community pharmacies [ 4 , 5 ]. The most frequent barriers cited by pharmacists are lack of time, lack of resources/staff, lack of support/technical assistance, and inadequate infrastructure in the pharmacy [ 2 , 3 , 6 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation study of an interprofessional medication adherence program for HIV patients in Switzerland: quantitative and qualitative implementation results

Lelubre

Clerc

Grosjean

et al. 2018

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundAn interprofessional medication adherence program (IMAP) for chronic patients was developed and successfully implemented in the community pharmacy of the Department of ambulatory care and community medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland). This study assesses the capacity of a physician and a nurse at the infectious diseases service of a public hospital and of community pharmacists in the Neuchâtel area (Switzerland) to implement the IMAP in their practice.MethodsMixed method, prospective, observational study. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the implementation process were conducted following the RE-AIM model (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance).ResultsImplementation started in November 2014. One physician, one nurse, and five pharmacists agreed to participate. Healthcare professionals perceived the benefits of the program and were motivated to implement it in their practice (adoption). Seventeen patients were included in the program; 13 refused to participate. The inclusion of naïve HIV patients was easier than the inclusion of experienced patients with difficult psychosocial issues (reach). Pharmacists were engaged in reinforcing patient medication adherence in 25% of interviews (effectiveness). Key facilitators expressed by healthcare professionals were patient inclusion by the physician and the nurse instead of the pharmacist and the organisation of regular meetings between all stakeholders. In contrast, the encountered barriers were the lack of time and resources, the lack of team uptake, and the lack of adoption by senior managers (implementation). Interviewed patients were all satisfied with this new program, encouraging healthcare professionals to scale it up. Structural changes allowed the hospital and one pharmacy to enter the maintenance stage (maintenance).ConclusionThe research team and collaboration between all professionals involved played an important role in this implementation. However, the dissemination of such a program to a larger scale and for the long term requires financial and structural resources as well as transitional external support.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3641-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to community pharmacy: A framework for implementation research on pharmacy services

Cited by 63 publications

References 65 publications

Community pharmacist patient care services: A systematic review of approaches used for implementation and evaluation

Community pharmacist patient care services: A systematic review of approaches used for implementation and evaluation

Implementation Science to Advance Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists and Other Health Professionals

Implementation study of an interprofessional medication adherence program for HIV patients in Switzerland: quantitative and qualitative implementation results

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