Application of the fractional-order theory of micro-polar thermoelasticity in the solid cylinder

Abstract

This work examines the heat transfer efficiency of CuZnFe2O4-water and NiZnFe4O4-water magnetic nanofluids when subjected to forced convection with an external magnetic field. The experiments were carried out utilizing nanofluids that were generated with volume concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% in a mini-channel. The studies were conducted with consistent heat flux boundary conditions within the Reynolds number range of 300–1300. A magnetic field within the 22–38 mT range has been produced by using two electromagnets positioned at a right angle to the direction of flow. The collected data has shown substantial improvements in the Nusselt number when using nanofluids. Applying an external magnetic field to nanofluids led to substantial improvements in heat transfer. The influence of the magnetic field on the transport of heat was particularly noticeable in situations characterized by low Reynolds numbers and nanofluids containing a high concentration of nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was noted that the magnitude of the magnetic field also has a substantial favorable impact. The highest rates of increase in the Nusselt number were attained for both nanofluids when the volume concentration was 1.0%, the Reynolds number was 300, and the magnetic field intensity was set at 38 mT. In addition, the CuZnFe2O4-water nanofluid exhibited a greater susceptibility to the magnetic field in comparison to the NiZnFe4O4-water nanofluid. Relative to the scenario without a magnetic field, the NiZnFe4O4-water nanofluid exhibited a maximum Nusselt number increase rate of 24.62%, while the CuZnFe2O4-water nanofluid demonstrated a higher increase rate of 39.34%.