Application of the Ground Penetrating Radar ARMA power spectrum estimation method to detect moisture content and compactness values in sandy loam

Fan, Cheng; Wu, Zhiyuan; Wang, Lei; Wu, Yuzhang

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2015.06.006

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Different media and their physical properties can cause the distribution of frequency-domain signals in energy, amplitude, amplitude envelope, and other information (Zhang, 1999) to achieve the purpose of inversion of media moisture content. Auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) is a frequency-domain spectral analysis method that can extract signal features at low signal-to-noise ratios and has the characteristics of high resolution (Cui et al, 2014).…”

Section: Water Content Inversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ARMA spectrum analysis is based on a stationary linear signal process to estimate power spectrum density (Khanshan et al, 2010;Cui et al, 2015). The spectral density is obtained by performing ARMA spectral analysis on the stationary digital radar signal (Li et al, 1997), and then calculated by Cadzow spectral analysis method (Cadzow, 1980), which reduces the estimation of spectral density parameters and uses logarithm to express the spectral density.…”

Section: Water Content Inversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of GPR technology in moisture content detection of stored grain

Fan

Dong²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Eng.

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How to detect grain moisture content storage inefficiently, non-destructively, and quickly is a critical task in the storage process of the modern grain industry. The influence of media with different moisture content on the propagation and attenuation of electromagnetic wave energy is the premise and basis for applying electromagnetic wave technology in detecting grain moisture content. To explore the applicability of electromagnetic wave technology in detecting grain moisture content, we used ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology and auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) power spectrum analysis method to detect and study the moisture content of the typical national grain depots and local grain depots. The results show that GPR technology could realize the moisture content of stored grains and solve the problems of detection distance, non-destructive, and detection dead ends. Compared with the actual test data, the correlation is above 90%, the error can be controlled within 0.5%, and the measurement accuracy is higher, within ±0.3%. The continuous distribution profile of stored grain moisture content was obtained using the ARMA method. The moisture content distribution range of the rice barn was 10-14%, showing the regularity of the moisture content distribution in the middle layer > upper-middle layer > lower-middle layer > bottom layer > grain surface layer. It indicates that the GPR technology has particular advantages in food safety detection and provides data support for real-time detection of food storage safety.

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Section: Water Content Inversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Content Inversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of GPR technology in moisture content detection of stored grain

Fan

Dong²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Eng.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Some studies focused on the detection of changes in water content in concrete determine also that the center frequency and the bandwidth decreases as water content increases [66,67], even though the main objective was the analysis of the wave amplitude, analyzing in some cases the spectra amplitude attenuation depending on the water content [68]. The analysis of the spectrum behavior combined with backscattering was also applied in the study of shallow geology to detect seasonal subterranean streams, differentiating between active and non-active streams [69] and in the study of compaction and moisture in sandy loam [70]. Further evaluations studied the propagation of GPR signals in unsaturated ground using the Rayleigh dispersion and confirmed that the frequency of the waves changed depending on the moisture content: the maximum amplitude observed moved to lower frequency values as the water content increased [61].…”

Section: The Frequency Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR Spectra for Monitoring Asphalt Pavements

2020

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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a prospecting method frequently used in monitoring asphalt pavements, especially as an optimal complement to the defection test that is commonly used for determining the structural condition of the pavements. Its application is supported by studies that demonstrate the existence of a relationship between the parameters determined in GPR data (usually travel time and wave amplitude) and the preservation conditions of the structure. However, the analysis of frequencies is rarely applied in pavement assessment. Nevertheless, spectral analysis is widespread in other fields such as medicine or dynamic analysis, being one the most common analytical methods in wave processing through use of the Fourier transform. Nevertheless, spectral analysis has not been thoroughly applied and evaluated in GPR surveys, specifically in the field of pavement structures. This work is focused on analyzing the behavior of the GPR data spectra as a consequence of different problems affecting the pavement. The study focuses on the determination of areas with failures in bituminous pavement structures. Results epitomize the sensitivity of frequencies to the materials and, in some cases, to the damage.

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“…Soil is a loose, porous, dielectric material composed of water, air, and soil particles (Schaap, et al, 1997). The compactness and moisture content are important soil parameters that affect the plant growth, water movement, seedling emergence, and root penetration (Cui et al, 2015;Goutal et al, 2013;Ogée and Brunet, 2002). In early days, soil compactness was measured primarily by destructive sampling (Ronai and Shmulevich, 1995); later, instruments based on pressure-based soil cone-index measurement ( ASABE Standards, 2009;Erbach et al, 1991;Pillinger et al, 2018;Perumpral, 1987), microwave reflection measurement (Luo and Perumpral, 1995;Zoughi et al,1994), and volume and porosity measurement were used (Ronai and Shmulevich, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Penetrometer and Standing Wave Ratio Probe to Measure Compactness and Moisture Content of Soils

Tian¹

2019

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Compactness and moisture content are important and mutually influential soil parameters that affect plant growth, nutrient absorption, and nutrient transportation. To simultaneously measure these two parameters, we developed a combined penetrometer standing wave ratio (PSWR) probe; acceleration measurement was facilitated to eliminate the error caused by varying penetration speeds. The performance of the instrument was analyzed and verified through laboratory and field measurements. The cone-index measurements from an SC-900 sensor and the moisture content calculated by the drying method and a TDR sensor were used to evaluate the performance. The results prove that acceleration compensations can improve the accuracy of cone-index measurements. Further, the sensitive range of the PSWR probe was the area a 10 cm diameter. The linear-fitting coefficient of output voltage and volumetric moisture content exceeded 0.96, and the output was stable; therefore, the moisture content measurements using the PSWR probe were validated. Furthermore, the accuracy and stability of measurements using the PSWR probe and a TDR sensor were similar. The field-measurement results agreed with the results from the drying method, and satisfied the practical implementation requirements. Conclusively, the validated efficiency and the cost-effective stainless-steel structure of the probe render it suitable for practical applications.

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Application of the Ground Penetrating Radar ARMA power spectrum estimation method to detect moisture content and compactness values in sandy loam

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Application of GPR technology in moisture content detection of stored grain

Application of GPR technology in moisture content detection of stored grain

GPR Spectra for Monitoring Asphalt Pavements

Combined Penetrometer and Standing Wave Ratio Probe to Measure Compactness and Moisture Content of Soils

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