Application of the needle penetration test to a calcarenite, Maastricht, the Netherlands

Ngan-Tillard, D.J.M.; Verwaal, W.; Mulder, A.; Engin, H. K.; Ulusay, Reşat

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.08.004

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The calcarenite was exclusively tested with the modified Eijkelkamp penetrometer. The observations made for the calcarenite are published in Ngan-Tillard et al (2011) but are included here to facilitate the comparison of damage caused by the Maruto NP and in other rocks. The resolution of the CT scans was found to be insufficient to reveal any micro-structural changes apart from a densification around the needle and hence are not included in this paper.…”

Section: Damage Caused By Needle Penetration Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigators (Ulusay and Erguler 2011) also combined all available data on Ngan-Tillard et al (2011). 1 presser, 2 chuck, 3 penetration scale, 4 load scale, 5 load indication ring, 6 UCS-NPR correlation chart given by the manufacturer, 7 removable cap, 8 penetration needle produced according to the Japan Civil Engineering Society's guideline, 9 indicator ring, 10 penetrometer tube, 11 spring, 12 end cap, 13 scale, 14 extension rod, and 15 needle block UCS-NPR both from Japan and Turkey and having carried out additional tests, recommended a more general NPR-UCS relationship.…”

Section: Needle Penetrometers Used In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) as well as the ESEM pictures (Fig. 7) give a insight into the micro-structural damage at the grain scale (Ngan-Tillard et al 2011). During needle penetration testing, up to 1 mm ahead of the needle tip the grains were crushed (Fig.…”

Section: Calcarenitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, right) is also used in the Netherlands to estimate the strength of extremely to very weak limestones (Ngan-Tillard et al 2011). The equipment is less sophisticated than Maruto's NP.…”

Section: Needle Penetrometers Used In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies on the estimation of UCS from NPR have been carried out, with the exception of a study on one rock type (Ngan-Tillard et al 2011), the micro-structural damage caused by NP has not been investigated in detail. This paper discusses the microstructural damage caused by two types of needle penetrometers developed in Japan and the Netherlands: the Maruto and the modified Eijkelkamp penetrometers, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of micro-structural damage caused by needle penetration testing

Ngan-Tillard

Engin

Verwaal

et al. 2012

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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The needle penetrometer (NP) is a nondestructive, cheap and simple device which can be used indirectly to obtain the uniaxial compressive strength of extremely weak rocks. It requires little sample preparation and can be used in the field and laboratory and applied in natural and man-made structures where sampling is not allowed. The microstructural damage created by the needle, its shape and size, have been assessed using four rock types (marl, mudstone and tuff from Turkey and calcarenite from the Netherlands) and two types of needle. During needle penetration, very high compressive and shear stresses are developed in advance of the needle and normal to the shaft. In all the tested rocks, densification occurred in a zone some 0.4 and 1 mm ahead of the Maruto and Eijkelkamp needles respectively. The grains are crushed and compacted in a zone which appears like an extension of the needle tip (Eijkelkamp needle). As damage is local, the NP test is said to be non-destructive. The NP results in coarse grained rocks are far more variable than in fine grained rocks. The damage caused by a needle decreases with a decrease in the diameter of the needle and an increase in the slenderness of the needle.

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Section: Damage Caused By Needle Penetration Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Needle Penetrometers Used In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcarenitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, right) is also used in the Netherlands to estimate the strength of extremely to very weak limestones (Ngan-Tillard et al 2011). The equipment is less sophisticated than Maruto's NP.…”

Section: Needle Penetrometers Used In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of micro-structural damage caused by needle penetration testing

Ngan-Tillard

Engin

Verwaal

et al. 2012

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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A fundamental equation for describing the rate of bedrock erosion by sediment‐laden fluid flows in fluvial, coastal, and aeolian environments

Sunamura¹

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A major physical process shaping bedrock landforms in fluvial, coastal, and aeolian environments is abrasion by sediment‐carrying fluid flows. A unifying formula to describe the rate of abrasion occurring in these environments has not been presented, the exploration of which is the purpose of this study. Considering the threshold concept the formulation is made including erosivity of fluid flows and erodibility of bedrock. The formula is described as dΓ/dt = C [(FA/FR) – 1], where Γ is the amount of erosion, i.e. eroded length (distance), volume, mass, or weight, t is the time, dΓ/dt is the erosion rate, FA (= A x [fluid force]) is the assailing force of sediment‐laden fluid flows used as an index of the flow erosivity, FR (= B x [bedrock strength]) is the resisting force representing the bedrock erodibility, C is a coefficient with the same unit as that of dΓ/dt, and A and B are dimensionless coefficients. The equation is confirmed by existing laboratory abrasion data and its applicability is examined using existing laboratory data of fluvial and aeolian abrasion experiments and field data from a coastal area. Examinations applying fluvial and aeolian abrasion data indicate that the coefficient C is found to represent the amount of sediment working as abrasives in fluid flows and the hardness of sediment relative to bedrock; and A is presented to reflect the particle size of the sediment. The coefficient B is a conversion factor from conventional mechanical strength of rocks to the resisting force. Selecting appropriate physical quantities for FA and FR enables the application of this equation to abrasion studies on various landforms in these environments. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Experimental study of compaction localization in carbonate rock and constitutive modeling of mechanical anisotropy

Shahin

Papazoglou

Marinelli³

et al. 2022

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Sedimentary rocks are inherently anisotropic and prone to strain localization. While the influence of rock anisotropy on the brittle/dilative regime has been studied extensively, its influence on the ductile/compactive regime is much less explored. This paper discusses the anisotropic behavior of a high‐porosity carbonate rock from central Europe (the Maastricht Tuffeau). A set of triaxial tests with concurrent x‐ray tomography has been performed at different confining pressures. The anisotropic characteristics of this rock have been investigated by testing samples cored at different inclinations of the bedding, thus revealing non‐negligible effects of the coring direction on yielding and compaction behavior. Specifically, samples cored perpendicular to bedding display higher strength and longer stages of post‐yielding deformation before manifesting re‐hardening. Despite such alterations of the inelastic response, Digital Image Correlation has revealed that the strain localization mode is independent of the coring direction, thus being primarily affected by the confinement level. To capture the observed interaction between material anisotropy and compaction behavior at the continuum‐scale, an elastoplastic constitutive law has been proposed. For this purpose, a set of tensorial bases has been introduced to replicate how the oriented rock fabric modulates the yielding and plastic flow characteristics of the material. The analyses show that the impact of the coring direction on yield function and plastic flow rule is fundamentally different, thus requiring the use of distinct projection strategies (a strategy here defined heterotopic mapping). The performance of the model, studied through parametric analyses and by calibrating the experimental results, illustrates the improved capability of the proposed constitutive approach when applied to strongly anisotropic porous rocks.

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Application of the needle penetration test to a calcarenite, Maastricht, the Netherlands

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of micro-structural damage caused by needle penetration testing

Evaluation of micro-structural damage caused by needle penetration testing

A fundamental equation for describing the rate of bedrock erosion by sediment‐laden fluid flows in fluvial, coastal, and aeolian environments

Experimental study of compaction localization in carbonate rock and constitutive modeling of mechanical anisotropy

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