Application of the Predictive Value Model in the Analysis of Test Effectiveness

Galen, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(18)31007-2

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Though PD is a common neurological disorder, it has a relatively low and age-dependent prevalence in the total population of about 1–2% in elderly people over the age of 60 years 31. In this case, the predictive value of a given diagnostic test is remarkably lower due to the high a priori probability of false positive test results 32. To mitigate this general problem for screening tests, it is helpful to restrict the target population to a smaller group of at-risk individuals for PD, for example to those with a positive family history and with premotor PD symptoms, such as olfactory dysfunction, dysautonomia or mood and sleep disorders 33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

Loo

Walter

Behnke

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objective: Transcranial sonography (TCS) shows characteristic hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although this feature is meanwhile well established, sufficient observer reliability and diagnostic accuracy is a prerequisite for advancements of this method. Methods: We investigated both aspects in a cross-sectional study with four blinded TCS raters in 22 PD patients and 10 healthy controls.Results: As expected, we found significant bilateral SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

Loo

Walter

Behnke

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…Laboratory involvement in institutional quality management programs is focused on identifying these errors and is mandated by the CAP for accreditation [7]. The CAP's Q-Probes program is designed to help address these issues.…”

Section: Urine Sediment Proficiency Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Quality Assessment Programs in the US with an emphasis on urinary sediment testing: the College of American Pathologists experience

Glassy¹,

Blomberg

2015

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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The College of American Pathologists (CAP) has maintained the highest standards for laboratory medicine through education, evaluation, and certification. One form of External Quality Assurance - proficiency testing (PT) - is the centerpiece of that mission. Over 500 medical and scientific experts oversee CAP PT programs which include more than 600 tests performed by 22,000 laboratories in over 100 countries. It is the most comprehensive laboratory peer-review comparison program in the world. The CAP offers four urine sediment PT products tailored to the needs of different laboratories. Each includes three or four digital images, shipped twice a year. The program is overseen by the Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Resource Committee. Images are graded if there is 80% or greater consensus of either referee or participant laboratories. Failing laboratories must analyze the reasons for the failure, report the results, and initiate corrective action. Over the years, there has been a progressive decline in the number of errors, demonstrating that education and regulatory oversight are major contributors to improved PT performance and, by extension, patient care. The PT urine sediment image databank is a unique resource, representing the consensus of many laboratories. Participant and referee responses identify which morphologic variants are unambiguous and which are more difficult to classify. The PT challenges include discussions of disease pathophysiology and key morphologic features. This teaching component is what helps to set the CAP's program apart. The discussions formed the basis for the Color Atlas of Urinary Sediment published by the CAP in 2010.

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“…29 ''Accuracy'' and ''predictive values'' of clinical tests vary with disease prevalence and are population dependent. Therefore they are not good estimators of test performance 6,7,9,16,27,[29][30][31] and are not discussed here. Positive likelihood ratios (PLRs) and negative likelihood ratios (NLRs) are the ultimate indexes of validity which offer the clinician a better method of using the information obtained from a clinical test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Supraspinatus Test as a Single Clinical Test in Diagnosing Patients With Rotator Cuff Pathology

Holtby

Razmjou²

2004

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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2Study Design: Prospective blinded comparison of clinical examination and surgical findings of consecutive patients seen at a tertiary shoulder center. Objective: To investigate the validity of the supraspinatus test in diagnosing rotator cuff pathology using arthroscopy or open surgery as reference standards. A positive supraspinatus test was defined as pain for all types of rotator cuff pathology and weakness for full-thickness tears. Background: Rotator cuff tenopathy is a very common condition. However, there have been relatively few studies documenting the validity of physical examination for this condition and further investigation of the measurement properties of these tests is warranted. Methods and Measures: One hundred two consecutive subjects were examined. Fifty subjects, ranging in age between 24 and 79 years (mean age, 50 years; SD, 14.4 years) and composed of 16 females and 34 males, underwent surgery. Results: The sensitivity of the supraspinatus test was 62%, 41%, and 88% for ''supraspinatus tendonitis or partial thickness tear,'' ''full-thickness tear,'' and ''large to massive tears,'' respectively. The specificity values were 54%, 70%, and 70% for the above conditions, respectively. The negative likelihood ratios varied from 0.17 to 0.84, and the positive likelihood ratios varied from 1.35 to 2.93, depending on the presence of pain or weakness. Conclusion: Application of the supraspinatus test in isolation is helpful in diagnosing large or massive rotator cuff tears. The change that this test makes in pretest probability of less extensive rotator cuff pathology is insignificant.

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Application of the Predictive Value Model in the Analysis of Test Effectiveness

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

External Quality Assessment Programs in the US with an emphasis on urinary sediment testing: the College of American Pathologists experience

Validity of the Supraspinatus Test as a Single Clinical Test in Diagnosing Patients With Rotator Cuff Pathology

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