Application of the setaram high temperature calorimeter for determination of mixing enthalpies of liquid alloys

Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner

“…shown in Figure 4, both descriptions yield a reasonable correlation between the calculated and measured [16,[26][27][28][29][30][31] Figure 3 shows the calculated copper-rich portion and the fcc ϩ liquid region of the Cu-Sn phase diagram, together enthalpies of mixing in the liquid Cu-Sn alloys. This also concerns the calculated and measured [32][33][34][35][36][37] copper and tin with the available experimental data.…”

“…[16,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] As For the other phases of the system, the original thermodynamic data of Shim et al were applied.…”

Enthalpies of formation of liquid (copper + manganese) alloys

“…The present instrument was designed with a clear intention to reduce the impact of the aforementioned effects on heat exchange coefficient k. Experiments with various pure liquid metals confirmed that this objective was successfully approached. For our calorimeter, the dependence of k on mass, volume, or height of the melt in a crucible within one run is insignificant if compared to rival instruments [12] and can be satisfactory represented by a linear function of the form k(m) ϭ a ϩ bm [6] where m stands for the mass of liquid bath,* with the slope *As there is no significant advantage in using m, , or h as an independent variable, we will retain the most convenient of them, mass, in all future considerations. b being considerably smaller than the intercept a.…”

“…As discussed elsewhere, [15] the orthogonal basis (Eq. [12]) has numerous advantages over nonorthogonal sets of functions. Besides considerable reduction of a computational effort and the possibility to describe a function of any complexity without facing the problem of accumulating computational errors, the generated coefficients {c j } are practically independent of the model order, n, and thus by far reflect physical realities of the described properties.…”

Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System

“…The mixing enthalpy of the liquid phase was measured by Kleppa 4 at 723 K, by Castanet and Laffitte 5 at 745 K, by Nozaki 6 at 1100 K, by Beja 7 at 1028 K, and by Castanet at 1280 K. Activity of Ag in the liquid phase was measured by Alcock 8 at 1300 K. Alcock 8 also measured activity of In at the same temperature. Besides the work by Alcock, 8 the activity of In was measured by Qi 9 at 1300 K, by Jendrzejczyk et al 10 at the temperature range between 948 K and 1328 K, and by Nozaki 11 at 1100 K. A thermodynamic investigation of the solid FCC_A1 phase was performed by Kleppa,12 who measured the enthalpy of formation at 723 K, and by Masson,13 who measured the chemical potential Itagaki 64 at 1373 K, by Iguchi et al 65 at 1393 K, and by Pool et al 66 and Lee et al 67 at 997 K. The activities of Cu and Sn were measured by Alcock et al, 68 Hager et al, 69 and Ono et al 70 using a Knudsen cell technique at 1300 K, 1593 K, and 1573 K, respectively. EMF measurements with the electrochemical cell technique were used by Oshi et al 71 between 1173 and 1373 K and by Sengupta et al 72 at 1073 K. All authors obtained activities of Cu and Sn with negative deviation from Raoult's law.…”