Application of the solid-state fermentation process and its variations in PHA production: a review

A 3D printed plastic frame deeply impacts yeast cell growth

“…Moreover, as reviewed by Wang et al (2019) and described by Lahiri et al (2021) , incubating bacteria in static or in agitated conditions influences the biosynthesis of cellulose in terms of yield and form (either reticular films on the surface in static or sphere-like particles under shaking conditions) and offers different applications. Moreover, industrial biosynthetic processes may also consider the combination of different fermentation configurations, as Piecha et al (2022) evaluated the production of polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) and concluded that the combination of SSF and SmF would increase the productivity of the process. Altogether, alternative culturing strategies have an impact on the biosynthetic abilities of microorganisms and can be exploited for biotechnological benefit.…”

“…Finally, many authors have outlined the limitations of SSF in large scale production processes ( Chilakamarry et al, 2022 ; Piecha et al, 2022 ). Taken together, the results we show in the present article may be a first step towards a new view of SSF-like fermentation in yeast.…”

“…It has been reported time and again that SSF processes often lack standardization and reproducibility, which difficult the comparison between alternative fermentation configurations, as well as scaling-up processes. These problems should be addressed if real industrial applications of SSF are to be developed ( Hölker and Lenz, 2005 ; Chilakamarry et al, 2022 ; Piecha et al, 2022 ). To date, as stated by Piecha et al (2022) , there is still an urgent need for improvement in these processes.…”

“…These problems should be addressed if real industrial applications of SSF are to be developed ( Hölker and Lenz, 2005 ; Chilakamarry et al, 2022 ; Piecha et al, 2022 ). To date, as stated by Piecha et al (2022) , there is still an urgent need for improvement in these processes. However, awareness on limitations of SSF has resulted in research on exploring standardized applications of this promising culturing technique, as well as innovative advances to control and fermentation conditions ( Ito et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2023 ).…”