Application of the ultrasonic technique and high-speed filming for the study of the structure of air–water bubbly flows

Carvalho, R.D.M.; Venturini, Osvaldo José; Tanahashi, E.I.; Neves, Flávio; França, Fernando A.

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.06.004

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(8) In the experiment, the mean value of the first pulse sequence when the pipe is pure water can be considered as A 0 in Eq. (13), and the mean value of the first pulse sequence for gas-liquid twophase flow can be considered as A; then, the gas holdup can be quantified by the QCVs, and the relationship between ultrasonic attenuation −ln(A/A 0 ) and gas holdup Y g can be established. To determine the sound pressure attenuation coefficient, α, a part of the measured data from the 60 groups of different flow conditions is selected to establish the experimental model.…”

Section: Experiments Model Of Ultrasonic Attenuation and Gas Holdupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33, No. 4) [13], and Ito et al applied an array sensor to obtain visualization images from outside of the pipe without disturbing flows [14]. In addition, numerical methods have been developed for analyzing ultrasonic signals, and Chakraborty et al used a statistical pattern recognition method called symbolic dynamic filtering to measure the void fraction [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic method for measuring the gas holdup of gas-liquid bubbly flow in a small-diameter pipe

Gong

Zhao

Zhai

et al. 2016

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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Based on ultrasonic sound pressure attenuation, the ultrasonic pulse transmission method is proposed for measuring gas holdup in gas-liquid two-phase bubbly flows. Two ultrasonic transducers are positioned on opposite sides of a vertical upward pipe with an inner diameter of 20 mm. To obtain the relationship between ultrasonic attenuation and gas holdup, the mean value of the first pulse sequence of ultrasonic signals is first extracted as the measured signal. We used the quick closing valve method to obtain the gas holdup as the set value. Second, the relationship between the gas holdup and measured ultrasonic signals was established. The experiment result shows that the ultrasonic attenuation rate is significantly different at low and high gas holdups, as indicated by the bubble size images with a high-speed camera. We also investigated the ultrasonic field distribution using numerical simulation. The bubble size has an important effect on the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, which provides a further physical explanation and reference for the experimental phenomena.

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Section: Experiments Model Of Ultrasonic Attenuation and Gas Holdupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic method for measuring the gas holdup of gas-liquid bubbly flow in a small-diameter pipe

Gong

Zhao

Zhai

et al. 2016

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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show abstract

“…In this respect, Gonçalves et al [6] presented ultrasonic data for oil-continuous oil-air, oil-water, and oil-sand mixtures in steel pipes. The ultrasonic technique has the potential to detect the flow pattern [9,10] and, from the crosscorrelation of the acoustic signals, to measure the flow velocity [9]. However, methods for velocity measurements based on cross-correlation of acoustic signals still need to be further established and the particular procedure to be used in a given application will probably be flow-pattern dependent.…”

Section: Review Of Selected Commercially Available Mpfmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Ultrasonic Technique for Monitoring and Measuring the Phase Fractions of Liquid-Gas-Solid Mixtures

2011

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In many industrial applications, especially in the oil industry, the requirements of multiphase flow measurement pose numerous technological challenges as it oftentimes involve harsh media, strict safety regulations, access difficulties, long distances, and aggressive surroundings. The fluids produced from oil wells most often emerge as a multiphase mixture of oil, natural gas, water, and a variety of solids (sand, hydrates, and asphaltenes). It is generally recognized that multiphase flow metering (MFM), i.e. measuring the flow rates of the individual phases in a multiphase flow, could have many advantages in terms of costs, layout of production facilities, well testing, reservoir management, subsea and downhole metering. In this regard, the ultrasonic technique has been receiving increasing attention in the past years because it is noninvasive, fast responding, and suitable for operation in harsh environments. In the present paper, initially a review is made of selected commercially available separation-type and in-line MFM systems; the multiphase flow parameters measured in each system and the techniques used as well as general comments regarding the system performance are provided. Next, ultrasonic attenuation and transit time data are presented for oil-continuous oil-air-sand and oil-air-water mixtures in steel pipes. A discussion is also presented on attempts to sort out the air and sand concentrations in water-air-sand mixtures from ultrasonic signals. It is hoped that the data presented will help establish the potential of the ultrasonic technique for use in MFM systems in combination with or replacing specific instruments already in use.

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“…By measuring the acoustic power and slug velocities, they determined the gas void fraction. Carvalho et al (2009) used a single-transmitting and multi-receiving sensor to measure the flow structure and void fraction of gas-liquid two-phase flow. By receiving the signals from different directions, they acquired information about ultrasonic refl ection, scattering, and transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

et al. 2016

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Oil reservoirs with low permeability and porosity that are in the middle and late exploitation periods in China's onshore oil fi elds are mostly in the high-water-cut production stage. This stage is associated with severely non-uniform local-velocity flow profiles and dispersed-phase concentration (of oil droplets) in oil-water two-phase flow, which makes it diffi cult to measure water holdup in oil wells. In this study, we use an ultrasonic method based on a transmission-type sensor in oil-water two-phase flow to measure water holdup in lowvelocity and high water-cut conditions. First, we optimize the excitation frequency of the ultrasonic sensor by calculating the sensitivity of the ultrasonic fi eld using the fi nite element method for multiphysics coupling. Then we calculate the change trend of sound pressure level attenuation ratio with the increase in oil holdup to verify the feasibility of the employed diameter for the ultrasonic sensor. Based on the results, we then investigate the effects of oildroplet diameter and distribution on the ultrasonic fi eld. To further understand the measurement characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor, we perform a flow loop test on vertical upward oilwater two-phase fl ow and measure the responses of the optimized ultrasonic sensor. The results show that the ultrasonic sensor yields poor resolution for a dispersed oil slug in water fl ow (D OS/W fl ow), but the resolution is favorable for dispersed oil in water fl ow (D O/W fl ow) and very fi ne dispersed oil in water fl ow (VFD O/W fl ow). This research demonstrates the potential application of a pulsed-transmission ultrasonic method for measuring the fraction of individual components in oil-water two-phase fl ow with a low mixture velocity and high water cut.

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Application of the ultrasonic technique and high-speed filming for the study of the structure of air–water bubbly flows

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrasonic method for measuring the gas holdup of gas-liquid bubbly flow in a small-diameter pipe

Ultrasonic method for measuring the gas holdup of gas-liquid bubbly flow in a small-diameter pipe

Application of the Ultrasonic Technique for Monitoring and Measuring the Phase Fractions of Liquid-Gas-Solid Mixtures

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

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