Application of Time-Resolved Multi-Sine Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization

Zappen, Hendrik; Ringbeck, Florian; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.3390/batteries4040064

Cited by 70 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Before transformation of the acquired data to the frequency domain, preprocessing is performed. Preprocessing steps may include, for example, digital filtering [268,290,314], gain and offset compensation [290,292], segmentation [112,315], windowing [112,306,307,316], zeropadding [308], and down sampling [293,296,312]. Potential uses of digital filtering include HPFs to remove low frequency components [290] and compensate for drift [314], Bandpass Filters (BPFs) as preparation for correlation based postprocessing [268] as well as decimation filters for down sampling [293,296].…”

Section: Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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This review provides an overview of new strategies to address the current challenges of automotive battery systems: Intelligent Battery Systems. They have the potential to make battery systems more performant and future-proof for coming generations of electric vehicles. The essential features of Intelligent Battery Systems are the accurate and robust determination of cell individual states and the ability to control the current of each cell by reconfiguration. They enable high-level functions like fault diagnostics, multi-objective balancing strategies, multilevel inverters, and hybrid energy storage systems. State of the art and recent advances in these topics are compiled and critically discussed in this article. A comprising, critical discussion of the implementation aspects of Intelligent Battery Systems complements the review. We touch on sensing, battery topologies and management, switching elements, communication architecture, and impact on the single-cell. This review contributes to transferring the best technologies from research to product development.

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Section: Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…The phases of the excited harmonics can be set to obtain different amplitude distributions to excite the dynamics around a certain operating point (Schoukens and Dobrowiecki 1998;Pintelon and Schoukens 2012). Depending on technical constraints such as tester current and voltage limitation and safety issues (cell temperature, over and under voltage), large peaks of a designed signal should be minimized, multisine thus can be optimized by minimising a phase-related criterion known as the crest factor (CF) (Zappen et al 2018). In addition, the amplitudes A k are identical to unit across all the excited harmonics (a flat spectrum), and the root-mean square (rms) value of the designed multisine signal can be scaled in the time domain for a specific amplitude.…”

Section: Random Phase Odd Multisine Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding non-linearity in electrochemical systems using multisine-based non-linear characterization

Fan

Grandjean

O’Regan

et al. 2021

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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Background: With the development of advanced characterization techniques, lithium-ion battery non-linearities have recently gained increased attention which can benefit battery health diagnosis and ageing mechanism identification. In comparison to conventional single sine wave-based methods, the multisine-based non-linear characterization method has the advantage of capturing the dynamic voltage response within a short testing duration, and therefore has further development potential for on-board applications. However, understanding lithium-ion battery electrochemical processes that contribute to battery non-linearities is still unclear. Methods: In this paper, the sensitivity of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model parameters are analysed in the frequency domain to investigate the electrochemical processes that contribute to the non-linear dynamics of the voltage response. To begin with, the non-linearities of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model with validated parameters are characterized and compared to experimental data from a commercial cell. This demonstrated a significant difference between the mathematical model and the non-linearities determined experimentally. Then, a global sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the most sensitive parameter contributing to battery non-linearities. Finally, the appropriate value of the most sensitive parameter which results in the closest non-linear response to the commercial battery is estimated through minimizing the root mean square error. Results: The results show that the charge transfer coefficient is the most sensitive parameter contributing to battery non-linearities among the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model parameters. The non-linear response of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model is validated with good agreement with the experimental results, when the Butler–Volmer kinetic is asymmetrical due to the unequal anodic and cathodic charge transfer coefficients.

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“…the non-stationarity and fast changes of the battery state throughout such an experiment would lead to the violation of the stationarity criterion for valid EIS measurements [22,23]. To overcome this, a multi-sine EIS technique, described in detail in reference [24], is used for all EIS measurements in this work: Using a specifically crafted excitation signal with superposed sine waves of different frequencies from 1 kHz-6 kHz down to 1 Hz allows to acquire an impedance spectrum every second. Figure 2 depicts the procedure-during continuous excitation of a multi-frequency excitation signal with a base period of T base , a sliding window over a period 3 • T base is used to calculate a new impedance spectrum from the sampled voltage and current signals for each signal period.…”

Section: Fast Impedance Spectroscopy Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic illustration of the used time-resolved Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique (adapted from[24]). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Operando Impedance Spectroscopy and Ultrasonic Measurements during High-Temperature Abuse Experiments on Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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Lithium-Ion batteries are used in ever more demanding applications regarding operating range and safety requirements. This work presents a series of high-temperature abuse experiments on a nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC)/graphite lithium-ion battery cell, using advanced in-operando measurement techniques like fast impedance spectroscopy and ultrasonic waves, as well as strain-gauges. the presented results show, that by using these methods degradation effects at elevated temperature can be observed in real-time. These methods have the potential to be integrated into a battery management system in the future. Therefore they make it possible to achieve higher battery safety even under the most demanding operating conditions.

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Application of Time-Resolved Multi-Sine Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization

Cited by 70 publications

References 34 publications

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

Understanding non-linearity in electrochemical systems using multisine-based non-linear characterization

In-Operando Impedance Spectroscopy and Ultrasonic Measurements during High-Temperature Abuse Experiments on Lithium-Ion Batteries

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