Application of TOF‐SIMS to the direct determination of syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of lignin

Saito, Kaori; Kishimoto, Takao; Matsushita, Yasuyuki; Fukushima, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1002/sia.3565

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These products were identified by FT-ICR-MS as 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (H′), vanillin (G′), and syringaldehyde (S′), respectively, then confirmed by comparison of their retention times and MS/MS spectra with pure standards (Sigma-Aldrich). This result is in accordance with a previous study analyzing the monolignols by direct ionization (without previous hydrolysis of lignin, possibly ionizing the soluble monomers and oligomers as well) that indicated m/z 151 (C 8 H 7 O 3 ) as one of the ions formed by the TOF-SIMS analysis of the G monomer and m/z 181 (C 9 H 9 O 4 ) of the S monomer [1]. Lima et al (2008) also identified vanillin (G′) as one of the main products of the nitrobenzene oxidation of G and syringaldehyde (S′) as a product of S [19].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Lignin is a complex phenolic polymer which plays an important role in the mechanical support and permeability of plants, as well as the resistance to microbial degradation of plant tissues [1]. It is composed primarily of three monomeric units commonly denominated by guaiacyl (G) derived from coniferyl alcohol, syringyl (S) derived from sinapyl alcohol, and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) derived from coumaryl alcohol (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple protocol to determine lignin S/G ratio in plants by UHPLC-MS

et al. 2015

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A simple extraction protocol and an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method for the determination of the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in lignin is reported herein. The method was entirely developed using stems of three Eucalyptus species, which were hydrolyzed with NaOH and partitioned with ethyl ether; vanillin (from the G monomer) and syringaldehyde (from S monomer) were quantified. The S/G ratios obtained were comparable to those usually reported for eucalyptus. The data for one of the eucalyptus species were compared with those obtained with a widely accepted method using thioacidolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was also applied to sugarcane and showed to be reliable. The yield of the NaOH hydrolysis of the monolignols ranged from 89.94 to 95.69%, with more than 77.12% of recuperation in the liquid-liquid extraction. The whole analytical procedure was validated, achieving results with less than 4.38% of variation. The lowest LOD and LOQ were 0.01 and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the method combines reliability and a fast and direct quantification.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple protocol to determine lignin S/G ratio in plants by UHPLC-MS

et al. 2015

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“…When obtaining quantitative information using TOF‐SIMS, the difference in the ionization efficiencies between compounds should be noted. In a recent report (Saito et al. , 2011), we showed that the S and G monomeric ions can be ionized with similar efficiencies using an equimolar mixture of 8‐O‐4′–linked polymer models of S and G types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Direct mapping of morphological distribution of syringyl and guaiacyl lignin in the xylem of maple by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYLignin, one of the main structural polymer of plant cell walls, varies in amount and monomeric composition among tissue and cell types, as well as among plant species. However, few analytical methods are available that can conveniently and accurately determine the morphological distribution of lignin units at the cellular level. In this report, we used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to directly map guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) lignin units in several successive growth rings of the maple xylem. TOF-SIMS imaging and a semiquantitative approach revealed clear difference in the annual distribution of lignins between the fiber and vessel. While the vessel walls were constantly G-rich with varied S/G ratios through a growth ring, the fibers showed fairly regular annual distribution of lignins in which the earlywood was S-rich with an almost constant S/G ratio and the latewood was G-rich resulting from a decrease of the S unit. The reliability of TOF-SIMS results was demonstrated by its high correlation with the results of thioacidolysis on radial distribution of the S/G ratio in several contiguous tree rings and also in the latewood and earlywood of each ring. These results indicate that TOF-SIMS allows direct visualization of lignin composition in plant tissues.

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“…Saito et al (2011) demonstrated that the S/G value for a β-O-4′ type polymer is in good agreement with the molar ratio of the units. S/G values of a maple tree obtained from thioacidolysis and TOF-SIMS were dependent from the situation of the annual rings within the stem , however, the S/G value obtained by TOF-SIMS are lower than those evaluated by thioacidolysis because all chemical degradation (Nakashima et al 2008;Zheng et al 2014b).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Tof-sims Datamentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The S/G data can be evaluated by TOF-SIMS (Saito et al 2011Zhou et al 2011). Saito et al (2011) demonstrated that the S/G value for a β-O-4′ type polymer is in good agreement with the molar ratio of the units.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Tof-sims Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the xylem of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.: quantitative and structural investigation by TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of laser microdissection cuts of RPCs

Zheng¹,

Aoki

Matsushita

et al. 2015

Holzforschung

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Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the sapwood (sW), transition zone (TZ), and heartwood (hW) of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. has been investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and thioacidolysis. The results of TOF-SIMS indicate that the relative ion intensity of lignin in RPCs increased from sW to hW, while there was almost no difference in the case of axial wood fibers. The ratio of syringyl (S) to guaiacyl (G) lignin units (S/G value) in RPCs was higher than that in wood fibers. Samples containing more RPCs were prepared by laser microdissection (LMD) and analyzed by thioacidolysis, including also the subsequent Raney nickel desulfurization, and the resulting monomers and dimers were quantitatively analyzed by GC/MS. The monomer analysis shows that lignin content and S/G values in RPCs rich samples increased from sW towards hW. The dimer analysis reveals that the S-S dimers are dominant in all types of samples. The results of TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of LMD samples are interpreted that the lignification of RPCs progresses from the sW towards the hW and that the chemical structure of lignin in RPCs is different from that in axial elements.

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Application of TOF‐SIMS to the direct determination of syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of lignin

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

A simple protocol to determine lignin S/G ratio in plants by UHPLC-MS

A simple protocol to determine lignin S/G ratio in plants by UHPLC-MS

Direct mapping of morphological distribution of syringyl and guaiacyl lignin in the xylem of maple by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the xylem of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.: quantitative and structural investigation by TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of laser microdissection cuts of RPCs

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