Application of two-photon 3D lithography for the fabrication of embedded ORMOCER waveguides

Schmidt, Volker; Kuna, Ladislav; Satzinger, Valentin; Houbertz, R.; Jakopič, Georg; Leising, G.

doi:10.1117/12.724908

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In such a material, it is possible to write a 3D waveguide, which is embedded in the bulk. Based on results demonstrating that this approach works very well for ORMOCER ® s [5], we applied the two-photon 3D lithography to a new material system comprising a PDMS matrix, which is swollen by a suitable monomer (different reactive monomers were investigated) for the waveguide inscription followed by the two-photon based fabrication of the waveguide inside the material. The reactive monomer material must not be too volatile in order to allow handling during the processing of the sample, but it must also be capable of being removed after the laser writing of the waveguide.…”

Section: Two-photon 3d Lithography (2p3dl) and Nano-imprint Lithograpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid prototyping of micro-optics on organic light emitting diodes and organic photo cells by means of two-photon 3D lithography and nano-imprint lithography

et al. 2008

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Provided that suitable materials are available, novel structuring methods, such as two-photon-3D-lithography (2P3DL) and nano-imprint-lithography (NIL) are promising approaches for the fabrication of organic complex 2D and 3D structures. Optical materials based on photopolymerizable resins combined with novel efficient multi-photon photoinitiators can be used for a fast and simple fabrication of µ-optical components for MOEMS. The true 3D capabilities and the high spatial resolution of the 2P3DL permit the fabrication of nearly any optical designs from CAD. With supplementary feedback controlled positioning of the laser focus, a material can be processed at an explicit target position, e.g. on an organic LED or photo cell. The position of fabricated µ-optics relative to such devices is determined by 3D sample registration prior to the structuring process. Therefore, the alignment of laser written structures to existing sample features becomes a part of the fabrication process and no further assembly is required. We demonstrate the design and the fabrication of various µ-optical structures such as waveguides and µ-lenses for photonic µ-systems by means of 2P3DL. Furthermore, µ-lens masters prototyped by means of two-photon-3D-lithography and their replication via a PDMS stamp by means of NIL are presented. In addition, it can be shown that such µ-optical systems can be fabricated in situ on organic LEDs or organic photo cells enabling powerful building blocks for µ-optical systems.

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Section: Two-photon 3d Lithography (2p3dl) and Nano-imprint Lithograpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such materials offer unique properties for new integration concepts [5] or efficient photo chemistry in terms of two photon triggered polymerization [6], which is a great benefit for 2P3DL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid prototyping of micro-optics on organic light emitting diodes and organic photo cells by means of two-photon 3D lithography and nano-imprint lithography

et al. 2008

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“…Polymeric materials with a large range of refractive indices allow for higher numerical apertures while also exhibiting higher mechanical flexibility and rigidity as well as lower curvature radius compared with glass fibers. Schmidt et al reported an inorganic‐organic hybrid polymer, ORMOCER ® (silicate‐based inorganic‐organic hybrid polymers, with organic moieties which are (oligo‐) methacryl, styryl, or epoxy functionalities) substrate film for the fabrication of integrated optical interconnects on printed wiring board, while Hoffman et al reported the functionalization of 3D‐thermoformed poly(methyl methacrylate) (waveguide polymer) foil, which optical waveguide materials coated with different conditioning varnishes for the integration on spatial mechatronic interconnect devices.…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted polymeric materials in three‐dimensional processing (3DP) technologies: Current progress and prospects

Oderinde

Kang

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Three‐dimensional printing (3DP) technologies, which are sets of powerful deposition methods employed to fabricate 3D objects with materials in the fields of material sciences and engineering, biomedical and biocompatible structural components, automotive, aviation, and polymers, among others, are currently rapidly developing manufacturing technologies. The methods have significant advantages, which include designing flexibility, enhanced geometrical freedom, low cost, and net shape manufacture, among others, over the traditional “subtractive” method. This review highlights the major 3D printing techniques, especially in the fields of advanced polymeric material fabrication and engineering, as well as the synergy in the incorporation of different types of polymeric materials and composites in a process that will lead to an enhancement of dimensional accuracy for 3D technologies. Furthermore, composite ink systems especially polymer‐based and hydrogel‐based in tissue engineering applications are also discussed.

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“…1. A femtosecond laser directly writes a waveguide core with a diameter of approximately 20 μm into a polymer layer (ORMOCER ® ) using two-photon absorption (TPA) [3]. To increase the alignment tolerance, we implemented a large effective waveguide diameter by writing seven closely spaced cores into the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental demonstration of the robustness against interference of optical interconnects on printed circuit boards

Schmid

Leeb

Langer

2010

2010 IEEE Photonics Society Winter Topicals Meeting Series (WTM)

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Application of two-photon 3D lithography for the fabrication of embedded ORMOCER waveguides

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Rapid prototyping of micro-optics on organic light emitting diodes and organic photo cells by means of two-photon 3D lithography and nano-imprint lithography

Rapid prototyping of micro-optics on organic light emitting diodes and organic photo cells by means of two-photon 3D lithography and nano-imprint lithography

Multifaceted polymeric materials in three‐dimensional processing (3DP) technologies: Current progress and prospects

Experimental demonstration of the robustness against interference of optical interconnects on printed circuit boards

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