Application of Ultrasonography in Bovine Reproduction

Satheshkumar, S.

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3072-0_2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The utilization of ultrasonography (USG) as a means to assess ovarian activity has proven highly effective for reproductive management in dairy cattle (Layek et al., 2011). Follicles appear as anechoic structures in USG images, while the corpus luteum (CL) is identified as homogenous hypoechoic areas within the ovary (Satheshkumar, 2022). USG images typically reveal a distinct endometrial lining with a slight accumulation of non‐echogenic fluids during oestrus (Pierson & Ginther, 1984).…”

Section: Methods Of Oestrous Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early prediction of oestrus for herd fertility management in cattle and buffaloes – a review

Rajput,

Mishra,

Rajawat

et al. 2024

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Oestrus is defined as a period when a female animal exhibits characteristic sexual behaviour in the presence of a mature male. Oestrous manifestation in dairy animals is due to the oestrogen (E2) effect on the central nervous system (CNS). It is a critical issue to be considered on a priority basis. Inefficient oestrous detection reduces the fertility status of the herd. The primary and most reliable indicator of oestrus is standing to be mounted by a bull or another female herd mate, signalling receptivity and the pre‐ovulatory state in dairy cattle. Oestrous detection is primarily a management challenge requiring skill and vigilance. To improve the efficiency of oestrous detection in dairy cattle, visual observation is one of the best methods if done three times a day; however, heat detection aids, if combined, give better results. However, techniques like using teaser bulls, tail painting, chin ball markers, ultrasound (USG) examination, hormonal analysis and examination of cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) improve oestrous detection efficiency. Moreover, the changes in production systems have reduced the expression of oestrous behaviour among cows, due to higher oestrogen (E2) metabolism. Therefore, automated systems, such as pedometers, accelerometers and acoustic sensors like infrared thermography (IRT) and image processing, have significantly enhanced reproductive performance by facilitating oestrous detection and optimizing insemination schedules. From this review, we would conclude that oestrous detection alone contributes considerably to the reproductive status of the herd; therefore, applying different methods of oestrous detection reduces the incidence of missed oestrus and improves the fertility status of the herd.

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Section: Methods Of Oestrous Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early prediction of oestrus for herd fertility management in cattle and buffaloes – a review

Rajput,

Mishra,

Rajawat

et al. 2024

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…corpus luteum, dairy cows, dominant follicle, fertility, progesterone of the corpus luteum and follicular dynamic during the oestrous cycle in cows (Gnemmi et al, 2020;Satheshkumar, 2022). B-mode US has been used routinely to measure the luteal diameter (de Tarso et al, 2016;Ishak et al, 2017), area (Berger et al, 2017;Vrisman et al, 2018), or volume (Gómez-Seco et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many dairy cows do not conceive on the first treatment, due to inactivity of the corpus luteum at the time of prostaglandin shots making it necessary for dairies to establish a system for the prediction of the pregnancy and re‐inseminating the nonpregnant cows (Elmetwally et al, 2021; Giordano et al, 2012). Ultrasonography images may provide information regarding the physiological stage of the corpus luteum and follicular dynamic during the oestrous cycle in cows (Gnemmi et al, 2020; Satheshkumar, 2022). B‐mode US has been used routinely to measure the luteal diameter (de Tarso et al, 2016; Ishak et al, 2017), area (Berger et al, 2017; Vrisman et al, 2018), or volume (Gómez‐Seco et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the corpus luteum and follicular parameters on the levels of plasma progesterone and the prediction of pregnancy in Holstein dairy cows

Sharawy,

Hegab,

Elmetwally

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of corpus luteum and dominant follicles, imaging parameters on the plasma progesterone, and prediction of pregnancy in cows. In total, 48 cows were used in this study and underwent Ovsynch program. Ultrasound imaging of the ovaries was done at the time of PG shots. Corpus luteum diameter (CL_d), area (CL_area), volume (CL_vol), and pixels (CL_PXL), as well as dominant follicle diameter (F_d) and area (F_area), were estimated using the ImageJ program. Blood samples were taken to assess progesterone (P4) concentrations. Pregnancy status was determined at 32 ± 3 days after insemination using an ultrasound “Sonoscape‐5 V.” Data were analysed using correlation analysis and ROC curves. Plasma P4 concentration showed positive correlation with CL_d (r = .68, p < .01), CL_area (r = .45, p < .01), CL_volume (r = .41, p < .01), and CL_pixels (r = .67, p < .01). The ROC curve indicated that P4 concentrations and CL parameters, especially the CL_pixels, were the best predictors of the pregnancy, among the others that were able to detect pregnancy at the time of PG with the best P4 and CL_pixels cut‐off value (4.1 ng/mL and 43.18) and AUC was (0.95 and 0.89); resp. (p < .001). Regarding the other parameters, it was possible to set AUC 0.79, 0.79, and 0.68 for CL_d, area, and volume with a sensitivity of 66.7%, 70.8%, and 66.7% and a specificity of 88.2%, 82.4%, and 70.4% (p < .01), respectively. The AUC for both the follicular diameter and F_area was (0.56) with a sensitivity of 58.33% and 70.8% and a specificity of 62.5% and 50% (p > .05), respectively. In conclusion, CL measurements and progesterone concentrations had the greatest pregnancy prediction in Holstein dairy cows.

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Application of Ultrasonography in Bovine Reproduction

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Early prediction of oestrus for herd fertility management in cattle and buffaloes – a review

Early prediction of oestrus for herd fertility management in cattle and buffaloes – a review

Impact of the corpus luteum and follicular parameters on the levels of plasma progesterone and the prediction of pregnancy in Holstein dairy cows

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