Application of UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS metabolomics strategy to reveal the dynamic changes of triterpenoid saponins during the decocting process of Asian ginseng and American ginseng

Chen, Lihua; Zhang, You-Bo; Yang, Xiu‐Wei; Xu, Jing; Wang, Zhao-Jing; Sun, Yizheng; Xu, Wanjin; Wang, Ying‐Ping

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136425

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The biomarkers that met the conditions of p -value less than 0.05 and VIP score greater than 1 in the multivariate analysis were selected for further evaluation [ 17 , 41 , 42 ]. Accurate mass-to-charge ratios were based on differential metabolites, within a permissible range of matched mass deviations of 30 ppm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolites are the end product of cellular regulatory and metabolic processes, and their levels indicate biological responses to environmental changes [ 16 ]. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for understanding variations in metabolites due to different processes, revealing the mechanisms involved in changes in endogenous metabolites in different conditions [ 17 , 18 ]. Untargeted metabolomics is a scientific approach that examines alterations in biological endogenous metabolites and identifies metabolic pathways using high-throughput assays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of Protection of Berberine against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats

Xu,

Yang

2024

Molecules

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Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with low toxicity, which exists in a wide variety of medicinal plants. Berberine has been demonstrated to exhibit potent prevention of indomethacin-induced gastric injury (GI) but the related mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics was applied for the first time to investigate the alteration of serum metabolites in the protection of berberine against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in rats. Subsequently, bioinformatics was utilized to analyze the potential metabolic pathway of the anti-GI effect of berberine. The pharmacodynamic data indicated that berberine could ameliorate gastric pathological damage, inhibit the level of proinflammatory factors in serum, and increase the level of antioxidant factors in serum. The LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis conducted in this study demonstrated the presence of 57 differential metabolites in the serum of rats with induced GI caused by indomethacin, which was associated with 29 metabolic pathways. Moreover, the study revealed that berberine showed a significant impact on the differential metabolites, with 45 differential metabolites being reported between the model group and the group treated with berberine. The differential metabolites were associated with 24 metabolic pathways, and berberine administration regulated 14 of the 57 differential metabolites, affecting 14 of the 29 metabolic pathways. The primary metabolic pathways affected were glutathione metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. Based on the results, it can be concluded that berberine has a gastroprotective effect on the GI. This study is particularly significant since it is the first to elucidate the mechanism of berberine’s action on GI. The results suggest that berberine’s action may be related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation regulation. These findings may pave the way for the development of new therapeutic interventions for the prevention and management of NSAID-induced GI disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of Protection of Berberine against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats

Xu,

Yang

2024

Molecules

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“…Total ginsenosides were extracted using the established method reported by Chen et al [13] with several alterations. Initially, forest-grown wild American ginseng was sliced into approximately 10 cm pieces and dried in the oven at 60 • C, ensuring that they reached a constant weight, and then pulverized using a muller and collected through a 40-mesh sieve.…”

Section: Extraction Of Active Components Of Forest-grown Wild America...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of AGGs was examined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS following the established approach described by Chen et al [13], with some alterations. In brief, an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) was utilized for separation.…”

Section: Composition Of Aggs Evaluated By Uplc-qtof-ms/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ginsenosides Extracted from Forest-Grown Wild Panax quinquefolius L.

Yang,

Xu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Foods

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American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is known for its health benefits, which are attributed to various terpenoids. However, the specific composition and activities of these terpenoids in forest-grown wild American ginseng remain understudied. This study aimed to characterize the terpenoid composition, particularly triterpene saponins, in forest-grown wild American ginseng. The analysis revealed that triterpene saponins, notably American ginseng ginsenosides (AGGs), are the predominant active components, as identified through LC-MS/MS and HPLC. A subsequent in vitro evaluation of AGGs showcased their potent antioxidant capabilities, displaying the dose-dependent scavenging of free radicals and reducing agents. Moreover, AGGs demonstrated efficacy in reducing oxidative injury and intracellular ROS levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with H2O2. In addition to their antioxidant properties, AGGs exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, significantly inhibiting NO and inflammatory substance production in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings highlight the potential of AGG-rich forest-grown wild American ginseng as a functional food with promising implications for improving human health.

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“…By transcriptome sequencing, plant-specific key genes, function prediction, and metabolic pathways could be obtained. The adversity-related regulatory networks could be explored ( Wan et al, 2022 ; Chen et al, 2023b ). Metabolomics is the study of the changes of small molecule metabolites in a biological system before and after a perturbation during a specific physiological period ( Ren et al, 2016 ), and the overall metabolic profile of the biological system could be characterized and the mechanisms could be clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the allelopathic autotoxicity mechanism of ginsenosides accumulation under ginseng decomposition based on integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics

Wang,

Zhou,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Continuous cropping obstacles seriously constrained the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The allelopathic autotoxicity of ginsenosides is the key “trigger” of continuous cropping obstacles in ginseng. During harvest, the ginseng plants could be broken and remain in the soil. The decomposition of ginseng residue in soil is one of the important release ways of ginsenosides. Therefore, the allelopathic mechanism of ginsenosides through the decomposed release pathway needs an in-depth study. To investigate this allelopathic regulation mechanism, the integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics was applied. The prototype ginsenosides in ginseng were detected converse to rare ginsenosides during decomposition. The rare ginsenosides caused more serious damage to ginseng hairy root cells and inhibited the growth of ginseng hairy roots more significantly. By high-throughput RNA sequencing gene transcriptomics study, the significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained under prototype and rare ginsenoside interventions. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways, phytohormone signal transduction, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Based on the functional enrichment of DEGs, the targeted metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS determination was applied to screen endogenous differential metabolized phytohormones (DMPs). The influence of prototype and rare ginsenosides on the accumulation of endogenous phytohormones was studied. These were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid, zeatin, and secondary metabolites, phytohormone signal transduction, and metabolic pathways. After integrating the transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis, ginsenosides could regulate the genes in phytohormone signaling pathways to influence the accumulation of JA, ABA, and SA. The conclusion was that the prototype ginsenosides were converted into rare ginsenosides by ginseng decomposition and released into the soil, which aggravated its allelopathic autotoxicity. The allelopathic mechanism was to intervene in the response regulation of genes related to the metabolic accumulation of endogenous phytohormones in ginseng. This result provides a reference for the in-depth study of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng.

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Application of UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS metabolomics strategy to reveal the dynamic changes of triterpenoid saponins during the decocting process of Asian ginseng and American ginseng

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of Protection of Berberine against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats

LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of Protection of Berberine against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats

Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ginsenosides Extracted from Forest-Grown Wild Panax quinquefolius L.

Exploring the allelopathic autotoxicity mechanism of ginsenosides accumulation under ginseng decomposition based on integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics

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